138 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
Training opportunities in animal care at the profes- 
sional level also are improving. Postdoctoral training in labora- 
tory animal medicine is available at the Bowman Gray Medical 
School and at the University of California at Los Angeles. Other 
institutions are planning similar programs. In several institu- 
tions graduate courses are offered in the care and use of animals. 
It would seem desirable to extend such courses to all institu- 
tions which train biologists. 
In summary, substantial progress is being made in 
improving .animal care through improved personnel performance. 
However, not all institutions yet have achieved the best possible 
standards. There is need for additional professionally trained 
directors of animal facilities, for better status and salary for 
animal technicians, for better training of animal care personnel, 
and for informing administrators of research institutions and 
investigators themselves of these needs. 
Section IV - Buildings. Space and Environmental Controls 
Increased emphasis has been given to experimental 
animal housing in recent years. Nearly half of the 58 institu- 
tions constructed new animal facilities in the last ten year 
period (Table 6); and 70% of these 58 institutions have re- 
novated existing facilities since 1957 (Table 7) . Virtually all 
of the buildings which had not been renovated were constructed 
after 1955. Despite this construction and renovation activity, 
the site visits revealed that the majority of these institu- 
tions need significant renovation or new construction. This 
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