HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 139 
impression is based on the need for re-surfacing of floors and 
walls, installation of better ventilation and air conditioning, 
enlargement of sewer drainage, and reduction of animal popula- 
tion density in some institutions. 
Table 8 illustrates the relationship between animal 
housing space and total research space in 43 institutions. 
Table 9 shows the relationship of floor space between research 
and animal housing. 
Net floor space for animals ranged from approximately 
20,000 sq. ft. in the private laboratories and veterinary schools 
to 2,600 sq. ft. in the hospitals surveyed. Animal service areas 
varied from 8,000 sq. ft. in the veterinary schools to approxi- 
mately 450 sq. ft. in the hospitals surveyed. In the medical 
schools, private laboratories and hospitals surveyed, the 
service area is approximately one-fifth of that of the animal 
rooms, while in the veterinary schools this figure is one-third. 
In many instances animal housing was improperly planned. 
For example, animals were in widely separated locations in some 
institutions giving rise to inefficient colony operation. Some 
of these facilities were still not adequate, even where renova- 
tion had been attempted. 
One of the more serious omissions noted was the 
general lack of specialized holding areas such as quarantine 
facilities for incoming animals. Site visitors frequently were 
informed that these areas were planned originally; but the 
increased demand for animals had resulted in their sequestration 
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