HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 215 
capillaries and nerve centers of the animal, so that it emerges in shock. 
It has been found, as is reported in my statement, that animals will 
live after this experience for anywhere from 1 hour to 7 or 8 days be- 
fore they die. But during that period there is, of course, intense 
suffering, because they have been deliberately injured to the point that 
it ultimately becomes fatal. 
Here is another device for a similar purpose called the Blalock press. 
Into this is placed one of the hind legs of a dog. The dog is anes- 
thetized during the time that it is in the press. The press is operated 
by turning down the screws until you can reach a pressure — and com- 
monly the experiments do — of 2,000 pounds per square inch. The dog 
is left in that press for approximately 4 to 5 hours, and is then re- 
moved. It is under anesthesia while in the press. But after removal 
a dog may live anywhere from 1 hour to 12 or 14 days, fully conscious, 
but dying of this kind of injury. 
Ad infinitum and ad nauseam I could tell you about some of the 
things that cause pain. I shall not. But it should be understood by 
the committee that there is great pain inflicted on animals, and that 
therefore there should be controls. I shall not attempt, because of 
the limits on your time, to continue with even any kind of a summary. 
But I would like to call your attention to a few pictures, very few, that 
deal with conditions in laboratories. 
These first two pictures show where the Overholdt Thoracic Clinic, 
a world-famous organization of Massachusetts, customarily kept dogs 
convalescing from major surgery until the Massachusetts Society for 
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals discovered the condition and 
prosecuted the officers successfully in police court. 
This is a photograph taken by one of the staff investigators of the 
Humane Society of the United States in the animal quarters of Tulane 
University in New Orleans. Dozens of cats were confined in cages 
like this and suspended from the ceiling for weeks on end. And you 
will see that they can neither lie down, stand, nor sit in any normal 
position. 
This is a photograph — these are two photographs of cages, of which 
there are many identical types in the Children’s Hospital Besearch 
Center in Cincinnati. You will note that the animals — these small 
monkeys — are in a steel cage which is hardly high enough for the ani- 
mals to stand erect, and each animal has a steel chain with a steel 
collar around its neck. And we ascertained that those animals were 
kept in that condition for as long as 6 months at a time. 
I assure you that these are typical examples. I would like to tell 
you, sir, that I have myself, personally, in the last 5 years visited more 
than 40 American laboratories and their animal quarters. I have also 
been the immediate supervisor of a group of investigators, staff inves- 
tigators of our society, who have worked as kennel men and technicians 
in a variety of laboratories across this country. 
I would like to present to the committee a book published by our 
society which is a documentary statement of the daily reports sub- 
mitted to us by one of these investigators in one institution. And it 
is a record of neglect of animals which is most shameful. 
In conclusion, because of the limits of time, I wish merely to call 
your attention to one statement. You were told by the two or three 
immediately preceding speakers that most of the scientists of the 
