220 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
certainly not a common bit of laboratory equipment. It is very rare 
that this is used in the study of shock. 
I would like to point out that none of my colleagues who are in- 
terested in doing animal experimentation go to Britain to spend 
their sabbatical leaves. They do not go there because as foreigners 
as much as 3 to 4 months are required for them to supply the proper 
credentials to indicate that they can anesthetize animals and carry 
on experimentation. On the contrary, many people in England, 
Canada, Australia come to the United States to do experimentation. 
They do this because there is no need to wait for a license in the 
United States in order to carry on what their publications have 
already proclaimed them; namely, adequate experimenters from the 
standpoint of what they have done in the past and the degrees that 
they have earned in biological research. 
I come here, stealing time from the U.S. Public Health Service, 
because I am a consultant to the U.S. Public Health Service. And 
this morning I sat on a panel at the National Institutes of Health 
in order to determine whether or not grants should be given for ani- 
mal experimentation in various laboratories throughout the country. 
We have as a routine process on these study sessions the project site 
visits to determine whether or not the laboratories are suitable. We 
have the previous publications of the individuals to judge as to 
whether or not they should get this grant for animal experimentation. 
I would like to point out that one provision of the bill 3556 says 
that the law would “apply to experimentation on any species capable 
of a conditioned response.” We, as scientists, know that it is possible 
to condition earthworms, that therefore the experiment of putting 
two worms on a fishhook would come under bill 3556 if a grant were 
allowed for this experiment. In other words, the earthworms can 
be conditioned. We know that the fish can be conditioned. And we 
know that the fireflies can be conditioned. I mention fireflies because 
this does come under the grant provision of the U.S. Public Health 
Service. 
We have in the firefly a very specific enzyme called lucif erase. And 
this enzyme is needed to assay a biochemical in the body. So that 
some scientists who have U.S. Public Health research grants have 
teenagers collecting fireflies in order to make the luciferace. Since 
the proposed bill would cover the lowly firefly, we must then pro- 
vide some method of anesthetization to the firefly before it is put in 
the bottle in order to make the luciferace. 
This, then, shows the ridiculousness of some of the provisions of 
the House bill 3556. 
The 8,000 scientists for which I speak in the United States would 
oppose these bills as being bureaucratic, restrictive, and needless 
legislation. 
Thank you. 
Mr. Roberts. Thank you very much. 
You take a position against both bills in toto ? 
Mr. Pfeiffer. Yes. 
Mr. Roberts. Thank you very much. 
I will next call Dr. C. A. M. Hogben, professor of physiology, Uni- 
versity of Iowa. 
