HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 235 
Illustration B 
Figure 6. — Apparatus for the Production of Experimental Flame Burns. 
It was found that either low oxygen, heat, or carbon monoxide alone could kill in a few 
minutes. In combination the lethality of all factors was increased. 
An apparatus was devised for production of large area flame burns at 1,000° C. (fig. 6). 
Observations on animals burned under these conditions confirmed the observations of Moritz. 
Some animals died of the cardiac effects of potassium. Others exposed over a large area 
for brief periods of time died of sudden circulatory failure. 
In summary, heat, carbon monoxide, and hypoxia are adequate to cause death under these 
conditions. It is not necessary to postulate other toxic factors. 
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