HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 259 
It would cost money on our part to file it. It would cost money on 
the Government’s part to review all the applications. It would be 
a tremendous waste of time and energy on the part of both parties, 
and it would deaden initiative. 
Actually as we made suggestions from day to day, Dr. Blalach im- 
mediately changed his tactics. Ultimately he was able to prove that 
there was good reason to believe that increasing the circulation to the 
lungs would help these children, and he had also developed sufficient 
technique and perfected it until he felt that it was a safe operation. 
Basically, those conditions must be fulfilled before you undertake a 
new operation. 
It was undertaken with an extraordinarily low mortality rate, and 
it has helped many people, and it has opened up the whole field of 
cardiovascular surgery. 
Dr. Henry Bahnson is filing a statement with you concerning the 
use of animals in cardiac surgery. But let me point out today what 
does not seem to be well understood ; that is, the importance of letting 
an animal live after you have done the experiment. There are many 
late and untoward complications that we want to avoid, and you have 
got not only to see whether the surgery is technically possible, but 
that it functions well afterward, that there are no complications, that 
it goes all right. 
We must be on the alert for unexpected complications, and for 
knowing that you are doing long-term good, not merely surviving the 
operation. 
There is another aspect that I think this bill would seriously affect, 
and that is the Kefauver drug bill and the similar bill which you 
passed in the House yesterday. 
I am sure that you are all well aware of the major stimulus to the 
passage of the drug bill which thalidomide and its effect on the unborn 
child had. 
Everyone in the country has been rightfully demanding that drugs 
be tested on animals before they are used in man, and testing the 
safety of drugs on unborn children requires a lot of research on a 
large number and variety of different types of animals. Indeed, some 
people have thought that it was too difficult a problem, and too vast a 
problem to be able to cope with. 
I still maintain in the day and age when we can put man into outer 
space, and seriously contemplate a trip to the moon, that it is fair to 
say that what man thinks is really important he can get done. 
Is there anything more important than the health and strength of 
our future generations ? 
We must test drugs, we must be certain that they are not only safe 
and effective, but that there are not long-term complications and late 
dangers. 
We cannot demand safety of drugs and decry unnecessary experi- 
ment made on man, and at the same time tie the physician’s and investi- 
gator’s hands and hinder their work which necessitates the extensive 
use of animals. This is not a question of the minimum number of 
animals, but to have a sufficient number of animals tested to assure 
safety. 
Let me in closing assure you that we are primarily interested in 
the relief of human suffering, and are not indifferent at all to animal 
