HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 267 
If you wish further information on the bills, it may be obtained from the 
following: for H.R. 1937, from the Animal Welfare Institute, 22 East 17th 
Street, New York 3, N.Y. ; for H.R. 3556, from t.he Humane Society of the United 
States, 1145 19th Street NW., Washington 6, D.C. 
Mrs. Paul M. Twyne, President, 
Mrs. C. Dodson Morrisette, Vice President, 
Mrs. Helena Huntington Smith, 
Members of the Committee on Laboratory Animals. 
Mr. Roberts. Dr. Brayfield. 
STATEMENT OF BE. ARTHUR H. BRAYFIELD, AMERICAN 
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 
Dr. Brayfield. My name is Dr. Arthur H. Brayfield, Mr. Chair- 
man. I am the executive officer of the American Psychological 
Association. 
The association, founded in 1892 and incorporated in 1925, is the 
major psychological organization in the United States. With a mem- 
bership of 20,000 members, it includes most of the qualified psycholo- 
gists in the country. The objects of the association are to advance psy- 
chology as a science and as a means of promoting human welfare — 
and I emphasize this because the image of the psychologist is not well 
known, and I suspect that our most extensive interest in animal be- 
havior is not thoroughly understood, so I am taking the liberty of 
stressing this in this presentation. 
I am appearing in opposition to the proposed legislation contained 
in H.R. 3556 and H.R. 1937. 
The first animal laboratory in American psychology dates back 
more than 75 years. Today, courses in animal behavior, based in large 
part upon the findings coming out of animal laboratories, are standard 
offerings in departments of psychology in colleges and universities 
throughout the country. 
The investigation of animal behavior, in both laboratory and field 
settings, is, currently and historically, an active area of psychological 
inquiry. Such studies are of intrinsic interest in man’s quest for un- 
derstanding of natural phenomena, and they contribute importantly 
to the improved care and conservation of animal life, both domestic 
and wild. Studies of animals by psychologists provide significant 
methodological and substantive advances which illumine our under- 
standing of a wide range of human behavior. 
Psychologists do indeed have an informed and real interest in the 
pending legislation to which this hearing is addressed and to which we 
stand opposed for the major reasons now to be presented. 
I should like to describe briefly the ethical concerns of psychologists 
in the matter of the use and care of animals for psychological experi- 
mentation. 
This is a common meeting ground for all persons concerned with 
this legislation. 
Psychologists, like other scientific groups, are governed in their be- 
havior by strict self-imposed controls. By custom, tradition, and con- 
vention, high standards of conduct and performance are required of 
themselves by psychologists. Additionally, the members of the Ameri- 
can Psychological Association subscribe to a formal code of ethical 
behavior, and procedures for its application are spelled out in the by- 
laws of the association. 
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