304 HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS USED IN RESEARCH 
CONCLUSION 
The several examples cited indicate that legislation is needed to — 
(1) Establish high standards for the housing of animals where they may 
live as normal a life as possible. 
(2) To control the infliction of pain and distress. 
(3) To prevent the enormous waste of animals caused by using unlimited 
and unjustified numbers. 
(4) To require supervised planning of experiments to eliminate the trivial 
and repetitive. 
Such legislation would not only protect animals now used but would doubtless 
stimulate the development of improvements in the use of insensate media, which 
is subject to more standardization than animals, with the resultant beneficial 
results on research. 
The Florida Federation of Humane Societies urges speedy passage of compre- 
hensive laboratory animal protective legislation based primarily on bills H.R. 
1937 and H.R. 3556. 
Mr. Roberts. This concludes our hearing. 
I want to thank all of you for your patience with the subcommittee, 
and I want to thank the subcommittee for its patience with you. 
There may be other statements that have not been submitted. We 
will go over these with the staff and try to see that a representative 
group of statements are placed in the record. 
(The following material was received for the record :) 
Statement of Dr. Marjorie Anchel 
I wish to submit the following statements in support of the Griffiths bill, 
H.R. 1937. 
I am a biochemist. My present position is senior research associate at the 
New York Botanical Garden. I received my Ph. D. in 1939 from Columbia Uni- 
versity, College of Physicians and Surgeons. My doctoral work was done in 
the medical school, primarily in the department of biochemistry, but also in the 
departments of bacteriology and physiology. During this period, and also in 
postdoctoral years, I have used experimental animals, including mice, rats, 
cats, and dogs in my own research. Although in more recent years I have 
worked with plants more than with experimental animals, I am familiar with 
current animal experimentation as reported in scientific journals. I have no 
reason to believe that conditions which I observed in the past have changed. 
I am convinced that they will be corrected only by appropriate legislation, 
properly enforced. 
Opposition to Federal regulation of animal experimentation comes on one 
hand from antivivisectionists, who want no animal experimentation, and on the 
other hand from scientists, some of whom want no regulation. I am not an 
antivivisectionist. I believe that animal experimentation is necessary for the 
progress of medical science. I am equally convinced that regulation of animal 
experimentation is necessary, and that it can prove of benefit to medical research 
as well as to the cause of humane treatment of animals. 
I have come to these conclusions because of firsthand experience, and by con- 
sideration of the arguments of others, examined in the light of that experience. 
Awareness of the problem resulted from observation of instances of unnecessary 
cruelty in connection with experimental animals. Even more, it resulted from 
continually presented evidence of an attitude, much too general among experi- 
mental biologists, that animals are simply tools of research — no more, no less. 
I do not believe that regulation of experimentation will come voluntarily from 
within this group. 
The advantages of good legislation per se, which have been pointed out in 
another connection, seem equally applicable here. 
At a meeting sponsored by the Congregational Christian Church and the 
National Council of Churches it was pointed out that emphasis should be placed, 
not on trying to erase so-called individual prejudice, but on “changing the nature 
of the institutional structure and general public sanctions expressed in law, 
court decisions, legislation, and public policy.” It was further said, “Expressed 
in the most direct and simple form, the principles suggested here indicate the 
strategic necessity of having legislation take place before education. Legisla- 
