5 The ordering of the Orchard. 
that doe appoint, thatwhere euerytree fhould bee fet, you onely diggethat place- 
to make it good : but you muft know, that the rootes of trees runnefurtherafter 
a little tim.-s (landing, then the firft compare they are fet in ; and therefore a little 
compafle of ground can maintaine them but a little while, and that when the rootes 
are runne beyond thatfmallcompafTe wherein they were firft fet, andthat they are 
come to the barren or bad ground, they can thriue no better then if they had beenc fet 
in that ground at the firft, and if you (liouldafterwardsdigge beyond that compafle, 
intending to make the ground better further off, you (hould much hurt the fpreading 
rootes, and pUtyour trees in danger: the fituationof hilsin many places is graueliy 
orchalky, whichisnot good for trees , becaule they are both too ftonie, andlacke 
mellow earth, wherein a tree doth moft ioy andprofper, and want moifturealfo 
(whichisthe life of all trees) becaufeof the quicke defeent of raine to the lower 
grounds : andbcfidesallthefe inconueniences there is one more; your trees planted 
either on hils or hill fides, are more fubiedt to the fury and force of windes to be ouer- 
turnedjthenthofethatgrowcinthe lower grounds -, fortheftrongeft and moft forci- 
ble windes come not vlually out of the North Eaft parts, where you prouide beft de- 
fence,but from the-Southand Weft, whence you lookeforthe beft comfort of the 
Sunne. To helpe therefore manie ofrheinconuenienccs of the hils fides , it were fit 
tocaufemanieleauelsto bee made thereon, by railing the lower grounds with good 
earth, and fuftaining them with bricke or (tone wals, which although chargeable, will 
counteruaile your coft, befide the pleafure of the walkcs , and profpedt of fo worthy 
a worke. The plaine or leuell grounds as they are the moft frequent, fo they are the 
moft commendable for an Orchard, becaufe the moulds or earths are more rich, or 
may better and fooner be made fo • and therefore the profits are the more may be rai- 
led from them. A ftiffe clay doth nourifh trees well , by reafon it containeth moi- 
fture ; but in regard of the coldnefle thereof, it killeth for the moft part all tender and 
early things therein : fea- cole allies therefore, bucke a(hes, ftreete foy le, chaulke after 
it hath lycn abroad and been broken with many yeares frofts and raine, andflirepes 
dung , are the moft proper and fitted manure to helpe this kinde of foyle. The dry 
fandy foi!e,and graueliy ground are on the contrary fide as bad, by reafon of too much 
heate andlacke of moifture:the dung of kineor cattellin good quantity beftowed 
thereon, will much helpe them. The amending or bettering of other forts of grounds 
is fet down toward the end of the firft Chapter of the firft part of this worke, where- 
vnto I will referre you, not willing to repeate againe the fame things there fet downe. 
The beft way to auoidc and amend the inconueniences of high, boifterous, and cold 
windes, is to plant Walnuttrees,Elmes, Oakes or Allies, a good diftance without the 
compaffe of your Orchard, which after they are growne great , will beeagreat fafe- 
guard thereunto , by breaking the violence of the windes from it. And if the (oyle of 
your Orchard want moifture, theconueyingof thefinkeofthehoufe, asalfoany o- 
ther draine of water thereinto, if it may be,will much helpe it. 
Chap. II. 
The forme of as Or chord, both ordinary, and of more 
grace and raritj. 
A Ccordingto the fituation of mens grounds , fo muft the plantation of them of 
necelfitiebe alfo ; and if the ground be in forme, you (hall haue a formali Or- 
chard: if otherwife,itcanhaue little grace or forme. Andindced intheelder 
ages there was fmall care or heede taken for the formality ■ for euery tree for the moft 
part was planted without order, euen where the mafter or keeper found a vacant place 
to plantthem in , fothat oftentimes theill placing of trees without fufficient fpace be- 
tweene them, and negligence in not looking to vphold them, procured more wafte and 
fpoile of fruit , then any accident of winde or weather could doe. Orchards in moft 
places hauc not bricke or ftone wals to fecurethem, becaufethecxtentthereof being 
larger 
