18 
WAR GARDENING 
use a mixture which kills by contact or sub- 
stances which smother. Aphids, or plant lice, 
usually collect on the underside of leaves, 
causing them to crumple. This crumpling 
causes the edges of the leaves to turn down, 
protecting the aphids. Badly crumpled 
leaves should be picked and burned. In 
spraying be sure to apply the spray to the 
underside of the leaves. Otherwise the 
edges will serve as protection and prevent 
the spray from reaching the entire plant 
effectively. 
Nicotine Sulphate Solution 
To destroy the sucking insects use nico- 
tine sulphate solution, made as follows: 
Nicotine sulphate K ounce 
Laundry or other soap ounce 
Water. . 2 gallons 
Dissolve the soap and then add this and 
the nicotine sulphate to the water. 
Fig. 23 — Bean anthracnose is indicated by dark sunken 
scab-like spots on pods. There are also spots on leaves. 
Bordeaux and Nicotine Sulphate 
Combination 
A combination spray for plant diseases and 
sucking insects is made thus: 
Bordeaux mixture 2 gallons 
Nicotine sulphate H ounce 
Laundry or other soap y% ounce 
THE EATING INSECTS 
The eating insects, or those which eat fruit 
or foliage, may usually be killed by using a 
spray of poisonous solution or by dusting 
poison powders on the plants attacked. 
Arsenate of lead, procured at a drug or seed 
store, is a favorite poison for this purpose, and 
may be used in spray or powder, but it must 
be handled with care as it is poisonous to 
human beings. It should never be applied 
to vegetables that are soon to be used, nor on 
cabbage or cauliflower after the heads have 
begun to form. As an added precaution wash 
carefully all vegetables before using, whether 
they have been sprayed or not. 
Arsenate of Lead Solution 
Arsenate of lead spraying solution is made 
by mixing 1 ounce of arsenate of lead powder 
(or 2 ounces of paste) with 6 quarts of water. 
If the arsenate of lead is used in paste form 
instead of powder mix 2 ounces with 6 quarts 
of water. The powder is more easily weighed 
and handled. Keep the mixture well stirred 
while spraying, to insure even distribution. 
To apply arsenate of lead in dry form mix 
1 ounce of the powder with 3 pounds of air- 
slaked lime, dry road dust or ashes finely 
sifted. Use a sifter for dusting this onto the 
plants, while the plants are wet with dew or 
rain. 
Bordeaux-Arsenate of Lead Combination 
Spraying with a combination of Bordeaux 
mixture and arsenate of lead every two weeks 
is a wise safeguard against both disease and 
eating insects. To make this combination 
spray use Bordeaux mixture instead of water 
when preparing the arsenate of lead. By 
using a combination spray half the labor of 
spraying is saved. 
In spraying cabbage and cauliflower with 
Bordeaux and arsenate of lead before the 
heads form, a little soap mixed with the 
arsenate of lead will make it stick better. 
Shave the soap, add a small quantity of water 
and boil until the soap is dissolved or put it 
in cold water and stir occasionally until dis- 
solved. Cool and stir into the arsenate of 
lead solution. 
Paris green has long been used for pro- 
tection, but arsenate of lead is now used 
much more extensively and is considered 
better. 
Poisoned Bait 
Poisoned bait is useful against cutworms 
and slugs. Small portions of the bait should 
be placed around plants subject to attack by 
them. The pests feed at night and hide under 
chips or other objects during the day. Bait 
should be placed beneath these. Poisoned 
bait may be made at home thus: 
Wheat bran 1 pound 
White arsenic, powdered 3^ ounce 
Cheap sirup 1 or 2 ounces 
Water to make a thick mash of the mixture. 
