THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S WEEKLY INTELLIGENCER. 
79 
theory implies that congenerous species 
are identical, or what is the same thing, 
their descendants) be fonnd in caves so 
widely separated ; and it is not the com- 
mon case of congenerous species found 
very wide apart, which may yet have 
traversed the intervening space, because 
these insects are found nowhere hut in 
caves, and not in them till you have 
penetrated far — far into the interior, 
usually about a couple of miles.” 
Compare the above with Mr. Darwin’s 
mode of viewing the same subject: — 
“ On my view we must suppose that 
American animals, having ordinary powers 
of vision, slowly migrated by successive 
generations from the outer world into the 
deeper and deeper recesses of the Ken- 
tucky caves, as did European animals 
into the caves of Europe. We have 
some evidence of this gradation of habit ; 
for, as Schiodte remarks, ‘ Animals not 
far remote from ordinary forms prepare 
the transition from light to darkness. 
Next follow those that are constructed 
for twilight; and, last of all, those 
destined for total darkness.’ By the time 
that an animal had reached, after num- 
berless generations, the deepest recesses, 
disuse will on this view have more or 
less perfectly obliterated its eyes, and 
natural selection will often have effected 
other changes, such as an increase in the 
length of the antennae or palpi, as a com- 
pensation fur blindness. Notwithstanding 
such modifications we might expect 
still to see, in the cave-animals of 
America, affinities to the other inhabitants 
of that continent, and in those of Europe 
to the inhabitants of the European con- 
tinent. And this is the case with some 
of the American cave-animals, as I hear 
from Professor Dana, and some of the 
European cave-insects are very closely 
allied to those of the surrounding 
country.” 
Entomologists generally, we believe, 
will prefer the quotation from Mr. Mur- 
ray to that from Mr. Darwin. 
We can cordially recommend Dr. 
Bree’s volume to the notice of our 
readers. 
EPUNDA LICHENEA. 
To the Editor of the ‘ Intelligencer.' 
Sir, — I shall be obliged if you will 
allow me to state, in reply to Mr. J. S. 
Dell, in last week’s ‘Intelligencer,’ in 
reference to his never having seen E. 
Lichenea larvae after May, that my 
authority for placing the larva, in the 
‘ Lepidopterist’s Calendar,’ so late as the 
month of July was Mr. Reading, who 
accompanied the addition to the July 
list with the following memorandum: — 
"Foxglove, and many other plants. I 
have taken this larva full fed from April 
till J uly. Mr. Brockholes [who describes 
the larva in the ‘ Manual’] means when 
they first hatch from the egg, or change 
their first skin, in November. Then they 
hybernate, and appear in warm weather 
from February to July.” 
Yours, &c., 
Joseph Merrin. 
Gloucester, Dec. 3, 1860. 
N ouveau guide de l’ama. 
TEUR DTNSECTES: par plu- 
sieurs Membres de la Societe Ento- 
mologique de France. 1859. 3 francs 
50 centimes; pp. 195. 
Paris : Deyrolle, Rue de la Monnaie, 1 9. 
N.B. Mr. Stainton has received a few 
copies of the above, and will be happy 
to forward one (post free) to any ento- 
mologist on the receipt of 3s. 2d. in 
postage-stamps. 
