10 
MAMMALIA. FERA. 
Canis. 
The dressed skin, with the hair on, is used for pistol furniture, and the 
pendent pouches of the Highland soldiers. The flesh is used as food, and the 
hind quarters, made into hams, are esteemed little inferior to bacon. 
It is sometimes found of a white colour. An opinion formerly prevailed 
among naturalists, that there are two species of badgers, which they termed 
the Sow-badger and the Bog-badger. But, in England, ever since the days of 
Ray, few have given credit to the existence of the former species. In some 
districts of Scotland, however, the distinction is still recognised. Thus, in 
the “ Statistical Account,” it is said, “ There are two species of badger found 
among the loose rocks of the Campsie Fells, the one somewhat resembling a 
sow, the other a dog ; the first is more arched in the back, and is not so nimble 
in turning itself;” vol. xv. p. 322. Campsie, Rev. James Lapslie. Again, 
“We have also two species of the badger ib. vol. p. 466. Blair- Athol and 
Strowan, Rev. James Maclagan. 
At the conclusion of the British Plantigrada, two species formerly resident 
in the country deserve to be noticed, both belonging to the genus Ursus. 
1. Ursus Arctos. Brown Bear. 
This animal not only prevailed in this country at the period of the Ro- 
man invasion (for Plutarch relates that they were transported to 
Rome), but maintained its existence in spite of the efforts of the 
huntsman, to the middle of the 11th century at least. In 1057, a 
Gordon is said to have killed a fierce bear, and as a reward was permit- 
ted to carry three bears’ (boars ? ) heads in his banners. It was reckoned 
in Wales as a beast of the chace, equal to the boar or the hare, and 
many places in that country still retain the name of Penn-arth, or the 
bear’s head; Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 76. “ In an ancient Gaelic poem 
ascribed to Ossian, the hero Dermid is said to have been killed by a bear 
in Beinn Ghiel-binn in Perthshire ;” Statistical Account, Kirkmichael, 
Banffshire, Rev. John Grant, vol. xii. p. 449. Though now banished 
from this island, it is still to be found in France and Germany. 
U. SpelcEus. Cave Bear. 
This species, so far as is known, has become extinct, and seems to have been 
cotemporary with the mammoth. It equalled a horse in size. Its re- 
mains occur sparingly in some of the large English caves, which have 
been the graves of so many of the ancient inhabitants of this island. 
See BucMand's Reliquiae Diluvianae, p. I 7 . 
DIGITIGRADA. 
I. Bruising grinders in each jam. 
CANINAD^. 
Two bruising grinders in each jaw. Furnished with a small 
ccBcum. 
Gen. VIII. CANIS. Dog. — Pupil circular, diurnal. Fore 
feet with five, hind feet with four toes ; nails hollowed ; 
tongue smooth ; ears large ; nose moist, smell acute. 
13. C.Jamiliaris. — Tail recurved. 
IF, Cl, fem. Gast; N, Hund. 
The dog has long been the companion of man in a domesticated state, and 
is the only animal which seems to prefer the company of his master to the 
individuals of his own species. He fawns at his approach, will fight in his 
