XVI 
PREFACE. 
These two kinds of epochs coincide, and thus directly intimate, 
that the revolutions which have taken place in the animal king- 
dom, have been produced by the changes which accompanied 
the successive depositions of the strata. The value of these 
remarks will be better understood by the following tabular view 
of the Geological Epochs. 
Principal Epochs. 
Primary Divisions. 
Characteristic Depositions, 
I. Modern 
Epoch. 
1. Detritus, 
Soil. Sand-drift. Peat, 
f a. Lacustrine Silt. aa. Marine 
1 Silt. 
f a. Lacustrine Diluvium. 
\ aa. INIarine Diluvium. 
Polar Ice. Glaciers. Winter Ice. 
Sinter. Marl. Iron-Ore. 
Lava. Ashes. 
2. Silt, 
a. Dilnviiim, 
4. Ice, 
5. Spring Deposits, 
6. Volcanic Deposits, — 
II. Penuk 
Epoch. 
1. Upper Lacustrine I 
Formation, J 
2. Upper Marine For- ) 
mation, / 
3. Middle Lacustrine ) 
P'ormation, ( 
4. Lower Marine For- ) 
mation, f 
5. Lower Lacustrine 1 
Formation, 1 
Argillaceous Marl. Friable 
Sandstone. 
Argillaceous Marl. Gypsum. 
Sandstone. 
London Clay. Clay. Marl. 
Sandstone. 
Plastic Clay. Lignite. Sand- 
stone. 
III. Cretaceous 
Epoch. 
1. Upper Marine For- ) 
mation, f 
2. Lacustrine Forma- ) 
tion, f 
3. Lower Marine For- > 
mation, f 
Chalk. Grey Marl. Green 
Sand. 
Argillaceous Ironstone. Lime- 
stone. Sandstone. Lignite. 
Upper. Middle, and Lower 
Oolites. Lias. 
IV. Saliferous 
Epoch. 
1. Variegated Sand- > 
stone, 5 
2. INIagnesian lame- 1 
stone, j 
Red Marl. Gypsum. Rock- 
Salt. 
Arenaceous Limestone. Calca- 
reous Conglomerate. 
V. Carbonife- 
rous Epoch. 
1. Coal, 
I Bituminous Shale. Coal. Grey 
■< Limestone. Grey Sand- 
f stone. Clay Ironstone. 
( Sandstone-Conglomerate. 
■< Red Sandstone. Red 
( Limestone. Porphyry. 
C Grey Wacke. Alum-Slate. 
i Limestone. 
2. Red Sandstone, 
3. Grev Wacke, 
1 VI. Primitive 
1 Epoch. 
1. Slat^, 
f Mica Slate. Clay Slate. 
( Chlorite Slate. Graphite. 
1 Gneiss. Hornblende Slate. 
Serpentine. Sienite. 
( Quartz, 
2. Granite, 
