N 
6Q BIRDS. PASSERES. Hirukdo. 
/. Commissure of the bill straight. 
g. Bill angular, slender, pointed. 
Sitta. 
gg. Bill strong and rounded. 
h. Bill more or less inflated at the base. 
Pyrrhula. 
Coccothraustes. 
Pyrgita. 
hh. Bill exactly conical 
Fringilla. 
ff. Commissure of the bill interrupted. 
Sturnus. 
hh Ridge of the upper mandible obviously curved. — Nostrils cover- 
ed with defluted feathers. 
c. Feathers of the front loose, and capable of being erected into 
a crest. 
Garrulus. 
cc. Front feathers plain. 
d. Tail produced. 
Pica, ' 
dd. Tail of ordinary size. 
Corvus. 
1 . Bill slender, produced. Tenuirostres. 
a. Claws long and hooked, for climbing trees. 
Certhia. 
acu Claws of ordinary dimensions. 
Pyrrhocorax. 
Upupa. ,, 
II. First and second toes adhering nea/rly to their eoctremity, 
Alcedo. 
Gen. XIX. HIRUNDO. Swallow.— The first quill the 
longest. Tail forked, of twelve feathers. Nostrils partly 
closed by a membrane, and covered with feathers. One 
of the toes behind. All the species are common summer 
visitants. 
35. H. rustica. The Swallow. — Front and chin chesnut- 
red. 
H. domestica, Will. Orn. 155. Sibh. Scot. 17 — H. rus. Linn. Syst. i. 343. 
White^ Phil. Trans. 1775. 258. — Chimney-Swallow, Penn. Brit. -Zool. i. 
398 — Temm. Orn. i. 427. — W^ Gwennol, Gwenfol; G, Gobhlan- 
gaoith. 
Length 7? breadth 12 inches ; weight 1 ounce. Bill black, irides hazel, 
tongue and palate yellowish. Legs and feet dusky. Forehead and chin 
chesnut-red. Plumage, above, black, with a gloss of purple ; beneath, with 
the breast black, the rest dusky white. Two middle tail-feathers plain, the 
rest marked on the inner webs, near the ends, with an oval white spot. In 
the female^ the tail-feathers are much shorter, there is less red on the front, 
and more white beneath. The nest is in chimneys, or in out-hoilses, upon or 
