Anthus. 
BIRDS. PASSERES. 
75 
beneath, the lighter parts are yellowish, and the coverts of the wings more 
deeply margined with light brown ; the legs more inclining to yellow. Seeks 
its food as the tide retires. 
77. A. pratensis. Meadow Titling. — Hind claw longer 
than the toe, and but slightly bent. From the gape on each 
side a dusky line passes down the side of the throat. 
Alauda pratorum. Will. Orn. 150. Sibb. Scot. 17* Al. pratensis, Linn. 
Syst. i. 287> — Titlark, Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 357*‘— -Anth. prat. Temnu 
Orn. i. 269 — Common near marshes. 
Length 5| inches ; weight upwards of half an ounce. Bill dusky, yellowish 
at the base of the lower mandible. Legs brownish. Plumage, above, dusky- 
brown, with paler margips, beneath dirty white, the sides of the neck and 
breast marked v/ith oblong dusky spots. Quills dusky brown, with paler 
edges, the first four, according to Willoughby, of equal length. Tail dusky, 
outer feather white, except at the base of the inner web ; the second has a lit- 
tle white at the point. In winter the pale margins of the plumage, above, are 
broader, and have more of an olive tinge. In this state it is the Pipit Lark of 
Mont. Orn. Diet. Female very like the male. Nest on the ground ; of 
dried grass, lined with hair. Eggs 6, variable in colour. The young birds 
have the margin of the feathers of a greenish tinge. 
78. A. trimaVis. Field Titling.— Flind-ckw shorter than 
the toe, and muched hooked. Two yellowish-white bands on 
the wings. 
Alauda minor campestris. Will. Orn. 150. — Al. triv. Linn. Syst. i. 288.— 
Field Lark, Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 358.— An. arboreus, Temm. Orn. i. 
271. — A summer visitant of England. 
Length 6^ inches ; weight 5 drams. Bill dusky above, whitish beneath. 
Legs yellowish-brown ; claws horn colour. Irides hazel. Plumage, above, 
light yellowish-brown, with the middle of each feather dusky -brown. Bump 
plain light brown. Wing-covers tipped Avith white. Throat and breast ochra- 
ceous yellow; belly yelloAvish -white. Tail-feathers pointed, the exterior 
one-half white, the rest with the tip slightly white. Nest of dry grass and 
moss, lined with hair; placed amongst high grass or green wheat. Eggs 4, 
dirty bluish- white, thickly blotched and spotted Avith purplish-brown. Chiefly 
frequents enclosed districts; and, according to Montagu, “ from the begin- 
ning of May to July, it may be seen mounting in the air in a fluttering man- 
ner, at the same time uttering a twittering note, and then descends to some 
neighbouring tree, with motionless wing and the tail thrown up. At this time 
it sings, but never when rising. And it is observable, that it rarely pitches 
on the ground again until it has perched ; and it always mounts in the like 
manner from a tree before it descends to the ground.” — Mont. Orn. Diet. 
Anthus Richard^ {Temm. Orn. i. 263.). It is stated in the proceedings of 
the Linnean Society, in the “ Annals of Philosophy ” for March 1825, p. 226., 
that Mr Vigors described three species of British Birds, of which A. Bichardi 
was one ; “ two specimens of which were taken a few years ago at Kingsland, 
near London.” In the paper, however, in which this species seems originally 
to have been included, published in Lin. Trans, xiv. 556, no notice is taken 
of the bird. 
Gen. XXXVII. LOXIA. — Bill compressed; both mandi- 
bles with hooked points, crossing each other at the plane 
of the gape. 
