Fringilla. 
BIRDS. PASSEHES. 85 
Linaria vulgaris, WilU Orn. 190. — Twite, Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 346. — 
Frin. mon. Temm. Orn. i.368 W, Llinos fjnydd, — Common in Eng- 
land, rare in Scotland. 
Size of the preceding, or larger. Bill wax-yellow. Feet black. Irides 
hazel. Throat, sides of the head and neck pale reddish-brown ; crown, nape, 
and back black, with red margins. Bump purplish-red. Quills dusky, the 
primaries margined with pale brown, the secondaries with white on their outer 
webs. Tail brownish-black, margined with white. Female wants the red 
rump, and the whole plumage has less black and more brown. — Nest in heath, 
of dry grass, lined with wool. Eggs 5, bluish-green, spotted with orange 
brown Gregarious in winter; Frequently taken by the London bird-cat- 
chers, and called by them Twite. 
106. F. Linaria. Rose Linnet. — Bill acuminated, pointed. 
Lesser and greater wing-covers tipped with white. 
Linaria rubra minor. Will. Orn. 181 — F. Lin., Linn. Syst. i. 322 — Less 
Bed-headed Linnet, Penn. Brit. Zool — F. Lin. , Tcmm. Orn. i. 373. — i5J, 
Stone Bedpole^ *S', Bose Lintie; W, Llinos bengoch leif; G, Gealan 
Lin. — Not rare. 
Length 5, breadth 8 J inches. Irides hazel. Bill yellow ; tip and ridge 
dnsky. Front, lores, and chin black. The head, neck, breast, sides and rump 
crimson. Back black, with brown edges. Belly white. Quills and tail dusky, 
edged with yellowish-brown. Female., has the rump brown, with black stripes, 
and the crimson only on the head. The sides of the throat, breast, and belly, 
white. The sides with dusky stripes. — Nest in low trees, of moss, lined with 
the down of plants. Eggs 5, bluish-green, spotted wtih orange-brown. Young., 
like the female. — This species is a winter visitant of the south of England ; 
but, in the north, and in Scotland, it is chiefly stationary. 
107. F. spinus. Siskin. — Head, above, black. The neck, 
breast, and rump lemon-yellow. 
Spinus, Will. Orn. 192. — F. sp., Linn. Syst. i. 322. Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 
340. Temm. Orn. i. 371 — Aberdavine ; — Y Ddreiniog — A win - 
ter visitant. 
Size of the rose-linnet. Bfll similar in shape, and< having likewise the two 
basal processes on the margin of the lower mandible. Legs brown. Feet 
dusky. Back siskin-green ; dark in the middle of the feathers. Belly white. 
Wing-covers black, tipped with yellowish-white. Quills black ; the outer 
ones with a yellowish-green margin ; the inner ones with the outer web all 
yellowish-white at the base, and edged with a paler border at the tip. Tail, 
with the two middle feathers dusky, with pale margins ; the rest, with the ba- 
sal half white ; the ends, and outer web of the exterior one dusky. The fe- 
male wants the black mark on the head ; the yellow has a greenish tinge mixed 
with grey; and the belly has dusky stripes — Nest in pine-trees. Eggs 5, 
greyish-white, spotted with purple — This bird breeds in the north of Europe, 
and visits Britain in rather an irregular manner. They may sometimes breed 
here; as, in 1824, I received from Mr Esplin, a male and female, shot from a 
flock in the first week of April. 
108. F. carduelis. Gold-Fincb. — Forehead, temples, and 
throat, arterial blood-red. Base of the bill, lores, crown, and 
nape, black. 
Carduelis, Will. Orn. 189* Sihh. Scot. 18. — F. car., Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 
318. Penn. Brit. Zool. i. 332. Temm. Orn. i. 376.--S', Goldspink ; 
IF, Gwas y sierri. — Common. 
Length 5|, breadth 9| inches ; Aveight half an ounce. BiU, in the form of 
a lengthened cone ; yellowish-white, with a dusky tip. Irides brown. Legs 
