Vanellus. birds. PRESSIROSTRES. Ill 
Length 9^ inches ; weight 4 ounces. Bill an inch in length, bends a little 
upwards. Legs short, a little way naked above the knee ; claws black. The 
hind toe “ turns inwards, instead of taking, as is usual, a straight direction 
backwards,” (Captain Sabine, Parry’s 1st Voy. App. cc.) Frontal band, be- 
hind the ear, lower part of the neck behind, and lower part of the back, throat, 
and belly, white ; breast black, the colour extending round the neck up to 
the ears, and thence to the bill across the forehead. Crown reddish-white, 
with black streaks. Back ferruginous, with black spots. A brown band on 
the rump. Quills dusky, shafts of the primaries, tips of the secondaries, and 
edges of the greater covers, white. Tail of 12 feathers, black tipped with 
white, sometimes the two middle feathers are wholly black, and the outer one 
on each side white. In the female the colour is less bright — Nest a shallow 
pit in the sand on the shore. Eggs 4, olivaceous, with brown spots. In the 
young^ the white about the head has dusky streaks ; the back is dusky, the fea- 
thers with reddish margins ; breast dusky, with white edges. From having 
seen this species at all seasons in Zetland, I conclude that it breeds there. 
Captain Sabine states that it breeds in the North Georgian Islands — During 
winter it frequents the sea-shore, turning over the small stones in search of 
insects. 
Gen. LXXII. VANELLUS. Lapwing. — Nasal groove ex- 
tending two-thirds of the length of the bill. Hind toe 
distinct. The fourth and fifth quills longest. 
160. V. cristatus. Common Lapwing. — The feathers of the 
hind head produced, subrecurved, forming a crest. 
Capella sive Vanellus, Will. Orn. 228. Sibh. Scot. 19 — Tringa vanellus, 
Linn. Syst. i. 248. Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. 458 — Van. crest. Temm. Orn. 
ii. 558 — A, Bastard Plover, Pewit ; (S', Peesweep ; IF, Cornchwegl ; 
G, Curcag, abhararcan-luachrach. — Resident. 
* Length 13^, breadth 31 inches ; weight 8 ounces. Bill 1 inch long, black. 
Irides hazel. Legs dull orange. The crown, crest and breast, black, irides- 
cent ; back green, iridescent ; sides of the neck, belly, and base of the tail, 
white. Quills black, with a white spot on the tips of the first four ; secon- 
daries white half way from their base. Tail white, the end black ; the vent 
and upper cover ferruginous. Female with the colours more obscure, and the 
crest shorter — Nest, consisting of a few dried stalks, placed in a shallow cavity 
in moist grounds. Eggs 4, olive-brown, blotched with black. I have found 
them to weigh in grains 435, 426, 413, 400. The young have the crest very 
short, and the feathers both above and below edged with yellow. — After the 
breeding season the lapwing occurs in flocks, and frequents the sea-shore, and 
occasionally, during mild weather, turnip fields. 
Gen. LXXIII. SQUATAROLA. — Nasal groove short. 
Hind toe minute. The first quill longest. 
161. S. cinerea. — Bill, legs, and irides black ; middle tail- 
feathers with black and white rays. 
Pluvialis cinerea. Will. Orn. 229. Sibb. Scot. 19 — Tringa Squatarola 
et Helvetica, Linn. Syst. ii. 250-252. Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. 458 Va- 
nellus melanogaster, Temm. Orn. ii. 547 — E., Grey Plover — A Avinter 
visitant of England, probably breeds in Scotland. 
Length 12, breadth 24 inches; weight 7 ounces. Bill liinch long. Lores, 
throat, sides and front of the neck, middle of the breast and belly, blacl? ; the 
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