Phalacrocorax. birds. PALMIPIDES. 
IIT 
hh. Wings long, and well adapted for flight. MacroptE'R^. 
c. Nostrils prominent, tubular. 
Procellaria. 
Puffinus. 
cc. Nostrils plain. 
d. Bill hooked at the end. 
Cataractes. 
Larus. 
dd. Bill pointed. 
Sterna. 
tiEN. LXXIX. PHALACROCORAX. Cormorant.— B ill 
compressed, the margin entire, the extremity hooked. 
Tail rounded. Middle claw serrated. 
169. Y.Carho. Common Cormorant. — Tail of fourteen fea- 
thers. Length of the bill, from the tip to the feathers on the 
front, 2 inches and 3 lines. ( Temminck.) 
Corvus aquations. Will Orn. 248 — Sibh. Scot. 20. — Pelecanus Carbo, Linn, 
Syst. 1. 216. Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. 608 — Carbo cormoranus, Temm. 
Orn. ii. 894 — J5, Cole-Goose ; (S', Great Scarf or Scart ; IP, Mulfran ; 
iV, Brongie, Lorn. — Common. 
Length 3, breadth 4 feet ; weight 6 or 7 pounds. Bill 5 inches long, 
dusky; the bare space at the base yellow. Feet and legs black. Irides 
green. Plumage black, with green and purple reflections ; gorget white ; and 
numerous, slender, white feathers on the head, neck, and thighs. A crest of 
long feathers on the hind head. Quills and tail black. In winter the crest 
is wanting, the gorget is dirty white, the feathers on the back have a cine- 
reous brownish tinge, and the peculiar slender white feathers drop off. Nest 
on rocks, on the shore, or even on trees near large lakes. Eggs 3 or 4, green- 
ish-white, with a rough crust. Young with more brown than even the win- 
ter garb, the bill and irides are brown, and there is no crest — In an example 
taken alive in April, and kept in confinement, by Montagu, the plumage 
changed from the summer to the winter dress, and continued in that state. 
The white gorget, the white on the neck and thighs, and the crest disap- 
peared. — This species frequently visits fresh water lakes and rivers, and 
readily perches on trees. 
170. P. Graculus. Common Shag.— Tail long, conical, of 
12 feathers. Length of the bill, from the tip to the feathers 
on the front, 1 inch and 10 lines. ( Temm.) 
Corvus aquaticus minor, WilU Orn. 249. Sibb. Scot. 20 Pel. Grac. 
Linn. Syst. 1. 217* Penn. Brit. Zool. li. 610. — Carbo Grac. Temm, 
Orn. ii. 897 — Shag, Crane ; A, Scart ; IP, Y Fulfran leiaf. — Com- 
mon. 
Length 28, breadth 42 inches ; weight 4 pounds. Bill dusky, towards the 
base including the naked skin, yellowish. Irides reddish brown. Legs 
black. Plumage glossy greenish-black. Small white feathers scattered over 
the neck and thighs. Nape with a crest of long green feathers. In winter, 
the white feathers disappear, and the plumage, above, becomes more cinere- 
ous. Nest on rocks, of a few sea-weeds. Eggs 2, with a rough crust. Young 
cinereous on the throat, and the plumage on the back is more or less cine- 
reous-brown. This species seldom leaves the sea-shore. 
