Larus. 
BIRDS. PALMIPIDES. 
141 
Length 17, breadth 36 inches; weight 15 ounces. Bill yellow, dusky to- 
wards the base, 2| inches long. Mouth orange. Legs dull white. Irides 
and orbits brown. Head, neck, rump, tail and below white. Back and wings 
bluish-grey. Primaries black, the two or three first with a spot of white 
across the ends, and the tips black, the rest tipped Avith white ; secondaries 
grey, tipped Avith white. Female similar. — Nest on ledges of rock on the coast, 
of sea-Aveeds. Eggs 2 or 3, dull olive-broAvn, blotched with dusky. Young 
mottled brown and white ; the tail Avith a broAvn bar near the end. The white 
commences in the second year ; the spots on the wings, and the dark bar of 
the tail finally disappear. In its jmung state it has been called the Winter 
Gull. 
229. L. Rissa. Kittiwake. — Tarsus ly^oth inch. A small 
knob instead of a hind toe. 
L. cinereus Bellonii, Will. Orn. 263 — Avis KittiAvake, Sihb. Scot. 20. — 
L. Bissa, Linn. Syst. 224. Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. 539. — L. tridactylus, 
Temm., Orn. ii. 774^ — -E", Annet. — llesident. 
Length 14, breadth 38 inches; weight 8 ounces. Bill inches long, 
slightly hooked, greenish -yelloAV ; corners of the mouth, inside and orbits, 
orange. Feet dusky black. Irides chesnut. Head, neck, rump, tail, and 
beloAv white ; back and wing-covers pale grey. The four first quill-feathers 
are tipped with black, but the fourth has a small Avhite spot near the point ; 
the fifth (or sixth) is tipped with Avhite, with a black bar. In moulting, I 
have observed that it is the sixth quill that is first cast off, then the fifth. 
Female similar — Nest, in company, on ledges of rocks impending the sea. 
Eggs 2, pale olive, Avith dark markings. Young have the bill black. Head, 
neck, and below Avhitish ; a black spot on the lores, and (lighter coloured) on 
the ear and on the nape. Above, the plumage is mottled grey and brown ; 
the quills black ; the tail dusky at the ends ; the whole of the outer one, on 
each side, plain. The spot on the ear is the last marking of youth Avhich disap- 
pears. In this young state, it is the L. tridactylus of Limijeus, and the Tar- 
rock of Pennant. Mr Edmonston refers to a bird, nearly resembling the 
tarrock, which he has observed in Zetland, and Avhich he is disposed to consi- 
der as a distinct species, under the title of L. corvus. ‘‘The upper part of 
the neck and head is pale blue ; behind each ear, a spot of a darker shade of 
the same colour ; the plumage otherwise, similar to that of the kittiwake.” — 
(Edin. Phil. Journ. vol. viii. 99.) From its not breeding, nor frequenting the 
breeding-places of the common species, it is termed in Zetland, Yeld Kitti- 
vjoke. It is also called Craa Maa. It is probably only the tarrock in the last 
stage of immaturity. 
230. L. ridihundus. Black-headed Gull. — Head and upper- 
neck brownish-black ; a large white space on the middle of the 
first quills ; tarsus l/^jth inch in length. 
L. cinereus. Will. Orn. 264 L. rid. Linn. Syst. 225. Penn. Brit. Zool. ii. 
541. Mont. Linn. Trans, vii. 284. Temm. Orn. ii. 780. — A’, PeAvit. 
Black-cap, Sea-crow, Ilickmire ; *S', Hooded Maw. 
Length 15, breadth 37 inches; weight 10 ounces. Bill and feet rich ver- 
milion. Irides hazel. Bound the eyes a feAv white feathers- I.OAver part of 
the neck, tail, and beloAv white ; the back and wings grey. Primaries white, 
the first with the exterior margin black ; the second tipped with black, and 
marked with a black spot on the inner Aveb. In Avinter the head is Avhite, 
Avith a black patch on the ear, and another in front of the eyes ; under the 
Aving blackish-grey. Female similar — NestinmeadoAVs and islands in fresh Ava- 
ter lakes. Eggs 3, olive, with dusky blotches. The mottled with brown 
and white. The head then becomes white, Avith an obscure spot behind the 
ear ; tail AA'ith a dark band. Base of the bill livid, the point black ; the feet 
