Carchakias. 
FISHES. CHONDROPT. 
167 
a little convex on the fore-edge, and subangularly concave on the hind-edge. 
Tongue broad and short. Pectorals large ; ventrals elongated, the two sides 
nearly parallel — This species has long been confounded, by the northern na- 
turalists, with the Carcharias vulgaris of lower latitudes, under the name Squa- 
lus carcharias. Mr Scoresby, in his valuable work on the “ Arctic Regions,” 
misled by having observed a parasitic entomoda attached to the eye, which he 
regarded as an appendage in organical connection, concluded, under the in- 
fluence of this mistake, that the Greenland shark had not been previously de- 
scribed. Cuvier first instituted the genus for the reception of the Squalus 
Americanus of Gmelin (Le Squale Liche of Lacepede, the S. Nicseensis of Ris- 
so), and the S. Carcharias of Gunner and Fabricius. The figure by Bloch, 
differs from the Greenland shark, in the shape of the tail ; and from the true 
carcharias still more, in the presence of the temporal orifices. It was proba- 
bly intended to represent the former species. I am in possession of the jaws 
of an individual of the Greenland shark, presented to me by the late Mr Sim- 
monds, and which was caught, in his presence, in the Pentland Frith, in 1803. 
Mr Edmonston witnessed one 13^ feet long, which was found dead at Bur- 
ra Firth, Unst, in July 1824. 
Gen. X. CARCHARIAS. — Last of the branchial openings 
above the pectorals. Snout depressed ; the nostrils in the 
middle, below. 
IS. C. vulgaris. — Teeth triangular, with straight crenulated 
cutting edges. 
Canis Carcharias, Will. Ich. 47. Fife, 118. — White Shark, Penn. 
Brit. Zooh iii. 106. Risso, Ich. Nice, 25 — Rare in the British Seas. 
Length about 30 feet. Brownish above, white below, with two rows of 
black pores on the sides. Eyes round, white, with a black pupil. Pectorals 
large, triangular. The first dorsal is rounded ; the second imbedded in a ca- 
vity. Upper lobe of the tail-fin twice as long as the lower. — This species is 
recorded by Willoughby, Sibbald, and Pennant, without details respecting the 
season or place of appearance on our shores. Grew says, “ They are found 
sometimes upon our coast, near Cornwall.” Rarities., p. 90. 
^ 13. C. glaucus. — Dorsal and ventral ridge indented at the 
setting on of the tail. 
Galeus glaucus, Will. Ich. 49 — Squalus fossula triangular! in extreme dor- 
so, foraminibus nullis ad oculos, Art. Ich. syn. 98. — S. glaucus, Linn. 
Syst. i. 401. — Blue Shark, Penn^ Brit. Zool. iii. 109. Watson, Phil. 
Trans. 1778, p. 789, tab. xii. — Not uncommon. 
Length about 6 feet. Back blue ; belly white. Body lengthened ; snout 
pointed. Teeth triangular, finely serrated. Pectorals pointed. Anal and 
second dorsal fins opposite. Upper lobe of the tail produced This species 
visits the coast of Cornwall during the pilchard season. 
14. C. Vulpes. Thresher. — Tail nearly equal in length to 
the body. 
Vulpes marina, Will. Ich. 54. Sibb. Fife, 119 — Vulpecula, Borl. Corn. 
265 — Long-tailed Shark, Penn. Brit. Zool. iii. 110— Found occasion- 
ally on the coast. 
Total length about 13, of the tail about 6 feet; the upper lobe of the lat- 
ter extending nearly in a straight line. Body round, short, skin grey on the 
back, Avhite on the belly, and smooth. Nose short, pointed. Eyes large, over 
the corners of the mouth. Teeth triangular. Borlase says, “ This shark 
