Phallusia. MOLLUSCA. TUNICATA. 
469 
tubular, with divided margins, and intermediate scarlet spots ; the anal ori- 
fice is a little below, with six spots, the upper branchial one with eight — It 
is not uncommon in the Zetland seas. 
Gen. CXLVIII. PHALLUSIA. — Branchial sac extending 
beyond the viscera into a pouch of the tunic ; stomach rest- 
ing on the viscera. 
590. P. mentida. — Oval, compressed, hairy, the inner tunic 
red. 
Ascidia ment. Mull Zool. Don. t. viii. f. 1-4. Mont. Test. Brit. 542. 
Stewart's Elem. i. 391. — Adheres to rocks. 
Length 2 or 3 inches ; brown ; rough, often with adhering fragments of 
corals and shells ; apertures distant, reddish. 
591. P. rustica. — Subcylindrical, rough, the apertures ap- 
proximate. 
Ascidia rust. Linn. Syst. i. 1087. Mull. Zool. Dan. t. xv. f. 1-5. Stew~ 
art's El. i. 391 Adheres to stones, shells, and fuci. 
Length about two inches ; outer tunic yellowish ; rough and obtuse when 
old, red and hemispherical when young, whitish inside ; inner tunic reddish. 
Gen. CXLIX. POL YZONA.— Body polymorphous, with 
many systems arranged subcircularly. 
592. P. variolosa. — Crustaceous and leathery, with scat- 
tered papillae, and two subdentated mouths.” 
Alcyonium ascidioides, Stewart's El. ii. 432. Turt. Brit. Fauna, 208. — 
Adhering to the fucus palmatus on the coast of Cornwall. 
This species, which was first observed by Gaertner, and communicated by 
him to Pallas (Spicil. Zool. fasc. x. t. iv. f. 7*) is thus described by its disco- 
verer : “ Crusta^ coriacea, tenax, crassiuscula, subtus plana, supra verrucis 
crebris, variaeque magnitudinis conspersa, coloris vel dilute rubicundi vel ex 
croceo albicantis. Verrucae seu tubercula maximam partem ovalia et ex 
croceo rubra sunt : singulum autem duplici perforatum est orificio minimo 
coccineo, quod turgidulus margo ejusdem coloris atque sex distinctus radiis, 
quasi in tot discessus fuerit dentes, cingit.” — Sav. Mem. 38. 
Gen. cl. SYDNEUM. — Body inversely conical ; anal orifice 
simple and tubular. 
593. S. turhinatum.' — Pale red, gelatinous, and transparent. 
Sav. Mem. 238 — On rocks. 
Length about half an inch above the common base, which spreads on the 
rocks ; narrow below, and gradually becoming thicker towards the top, the 
summit of which is slightly concave ; mouths prominent, freckled with yel- 
low, with short blunt conical tentacula ; stomach surrounded Avith glands ; 
