SPRAYING. 
We five the following brief directions a» to how and when to spray. More com- 
plete directions can be obtained by consulting standard works on horticulture. 
Experience has demonstrated the fact that spraying, properly done at the proper 
time, for protection against destructive insects, rot, fungus and blight, is the best if 
not the only sure remedy against these enemies of the horticulturist. That it has 
succeeded and will succeed is evidenced by the rapidly increasing interest manifested 
in the manufacture, sale and use of spraying machines, and the good results obtained 
by those who have practiced this mode of protection. 
WHEN TO SPRAY. 
APPLE TREES. For prevention of leaf blight, spray as soon as the leaves are 
full grown, with Bordeaux mixture or ammoniacal carbonate of copper. To destroy 
aphis or plant lice, spray with kerosene emulsion as soon as the pests appear. To 
destroy the codlin moth, canker worm and curculio, spray with Paris green or Lon- 
don purple, X pound in 40 or 50 gallons of water, soon after the blossoms fall, and 
again in two weeks later. To destroy the web worm, spray with London purple or 
kerosene emulsion about August i to to, or as soon as pests appear. This application 
should be made during the middle of the day, when the worms are out of their webs 
and feeding on the leaves. 
CHERRIES. Treatment same as recommended for the apple. 
PEARS. The pear slug can easily be destroyed by spraying with Paris green, 
4 ounces to 50 gallons of water, or with kerosene emulsion, as soon as the slug begins 
operations. Pear and quince blight can be destroyed by spraying with Bordeaux 
mixture. The codlin moth and curculio should be treated same as recommended 
for apple trees. 
PLUMS. Destroy the aphis with kerosene emulsion and a fine spray nozzle. The 
curculio can be destroyed by spraying with 3 ounces Paris green to 40 gallons of water. 
First application should be made as soon as blossoms have fallen, and repeated at 
intervals of a week or ten days. Four applications should be sufficient. Other 
enemies of the plum will be destroyed by this method, but in all cases be particular 
to keep the poison and water constantly stirred. 
PEACHES. If attacked by the black peach aphis, spray with kerosene emulsion. 
The plum curculio frequently attacks the peach, in which case spray with Paris 
green, 2 ounces to 50 gallons of water ; be sure to keep it well stirred, and use with 
caution. Never use London purple on peach trees. 
FOR GRAPE ROT AND MILDEW, use Bordeaux mixture. 
CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES. To destroy the worms, spray with powdered 
white hellebore, i ounce in 3 gallons of water, as soon as the worms appear. To 
destroy the yellow aphis, spray with kerosene emulsion early in the season. To 
prevent mildew, use ounce potassium sulphide to i gallon of water. 
FORMULAS. 
KEROSENE EMULSION. In making kerosene emulsion for spraying trees for lice, 
be sure and follow the correct method : Dissolve in 2 quarts of water i quart of soft 
soap, or X poiind of hard soap, by heating to the boiling point. Then add i pint of 
kerosene oil and stir violently for from 3 to 5 minutes. This may be done by using 
a common force pump and putting the end of the hose back into the mixture again. 
This mixes the oil permanently, so that it will never separate, and it may be diluted 
easily at pleasure. This mixture should be diluted to twice its bulk with water, or 
about 14 times as much water as kerosene. The kerosene emulsion is successful in 
destroying cattle lice and sheep ticks, as well as all varieties of plant lice. 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE. Six pounds of sulphate of copper are dissolved in 6 gal- 
lons of water. In anoiher vessel, 4 pounds of fresh lime are slaked in 6 gallons of 
water. After the latter solution has cooled, slowly turn it into tlie other solution and 
add to galloqs of water. This, when all is thoroughly mixed and strained, is ready 
for use. In straining this mixlure. reject all of the lime sediment, using only the 
clear liquid. Strain the whitewash through a coarse gunny sack stretched over the 
head of a barrel. 
