22 
THE UPNOR ELEPHANT 
Fig. 5. — Diagrams to illustrate the curvature of the vertebral column, and the position of the neural spines 
in (r) Elephas antiqims, Upnor ; (2) Elephas africanus ; (3) Elephas maximus ; (4) Elephas primigenius. 
From the first thoracic to the first sacral vertebra. (Figs. 2, 3, 4 after Dietrich, 1924, fig. 3.) 
Measurements of Certain of the Vertebrae and Principal Measurements 
of the Mounted Skeleton. 
Upnor Specimen. E. meridionalis. 
Atlas. 
mm. 
ins. 
mm. 
ins. 
Extreme width of articulating surfaces for condyles 
of skull 
295 
ii-6 
270 
io-6 
Extreme height of vertebra 
285 
II -2 
280 
II-O 
Extreme width of articulating surfaces for axis 
265 
10-4 
280 
II'O 
Axis. 
Width of anterior articulating surface 
275 
io-8 
295 
11 -6 
Extreme height of vertebra 
37° 
14-6 
360 
14-2 
The measurements of the mounted skeleton are compared with those of an unusually large tuskless 
Indian elephant in the Museum. 
