NOTES ON THE REMAINING PORTIONS 
OF THE SKELETON 
The Pelvis. 
Although the bulk of the pelvis was recovered it is too much damaged round 
its borders to allow of an accurate description. It is likely, however, that the 
restoration is reasonably correct. In general contour and proportions it is similar 
to that of Elephas africanus, except for its considerably greater size. 
The principal measurements of the pelvis as restored are : 
Extreme width across the ilia at right angles to the vertebral 
axis 
Greatest width of ilium 
Width between the acetabula 
Greatest diameter of acetabulum 
Approximate length of symphysis 
The Vertebral Column. 
The vertebral column was found practically complete, but much weathered. 
This is very unfortunate, because in some respects it appears to be of a very unusual 
type, and it would have been interesting to know more accurately the shape of the 
ridge of the back for comparison with that of Elephas indicus, E. africanus, and 
E. primigenius, in each of which the shape is distinctive. Nevertheless, since the 
vertebral column of E. antiquus is so little known, the present specimen is of great 
interest. In the specimen of E. antiquus recki figured by Dietrich (1924, p. 8, fig. 3) 
the vertebral column was even more incomplete. 
The number of dorsal vertebrae actually found was twenty ; the specimen has 
been mounted so as to leave space for two more. The series runs in order from the 
atlas to the twentieth dorso-lumbar, the missing ones belong, therefore, to the 
vertebral column just in front of the sacrum. 
The atlas and axis are both moderately well preserved, and neither shows any 
very remarkable characters. The atlas (fig. 3 a), which lacks the wing on each 
side, has a somewhat low spine on the neural arch, whose pedicel on each side is 
pierced by a foramen through which the vertebral artery was transmitted. In a 
corresponding atlas of E. meridionalis (B.M. 36436, fig. 3c) this is represented by 
a deep groove. There are other slight differences of proportion and also in the 
shape of the articulating surfaces for the condyles of the skull as are shown by the 
figures. Of the two, the Upnor specimen is a little the larger. 
19 
mm. 
1830 
IIOO 
945 
250 
570 
