i8 
THE UPNOR ELEPHANT 
The second metatarsal is the smallest of the rest of the series. Its upper 
articulation, which is gently convex from before back, is much longer in that 
direction than from side to side. The whole of the upper end is occupied by the facet 
for the mesocuneiform except for a small oblique triangular facet which truncates 
the antero-internal angle, and serves for union with a facet on the middle of the 
anterior border of the ectocuneiform. The upper end of the bone is much narrower 
than the lower, which widens out considerably towards the articulation for the 
phalanx and bears a prominent boss of bone on its preaxial side. 
The third metatarsal is considerably larger than the second, being especially 
wider at its upper end. The proximal surface has a considerable area of con- 
tact with the mesocuneiform ; in E. africanus this contact is very small, and in 
E. maximus is wanting altogether. The greater part of the upper articulation is 
with the ectocuneiform, which, like the mesocuneiform, is extended towards the 
outer side so as to form a considerable facet for the next metatarsal, in this case 
the fourth. 
The fourth metatarsal is the largest of the series. Its broad triangular upper 
end bears two facets, one nearly flat and occupying nearly a third of the area ; 
this is for union with the ectocuneiform ; the other facet for the cuboid is convex 
from side to side, especially towards its outer edge. On either side of the upper 
end, and joining the proximal articulation approximately at right angles, are facets 
for union with the third and fifth metatarsals. 
The fifth metatarsal, though shorter than the fourth, is thicker and more 
massive. At its upper end there is a gently concave surface, whose outline forms a 
segment of a circle rather greater than a semicircle, the chord forming the border 
next the fourth metatarsal. 
In E. antiquus recki the third metacarpal is said to have a distinct facet for 
contact with the mesocuneiform, and as in the Upnor specimen the fourth metatarsal 
has a considerable articulation with the ectocuneiform. It thus appears that in that 
form, as in our specimen, there is a considerable degree of alternation between the 
distal row of tarsals and the metatarsals ; this alteration exists in a lesser degree in 
E. africanus, but is not present in E. maximus. Possibly this interlocking may be 
correlated with the great weight of the different forms of E. antiquus. 
C. W. ANDREWS. 
