GARDEN FOES AND GARDEN FRIENDS 1 31 
tribute equal to one tenth of all that is raised. This tax will 
strike even the optimist as extortionate. If for no other rea- 
son than to diminish the number of pests, a plea is being 
made that the gardener will cultivate beautifully a small plot 
which can be held in check rather than a large farm that runs 
wild. This course is recommended independently of the fact 
that by intensive treatment a small field will yield at the very 
lowest estimate a double crop. Any countryside has cause 
for rejoicing if it has united in some cooperative scheme 
that will wage common warfare on these enemies. For they 
are great rovers ; therefore one family’s garden depends 
upon another. In the work of extermination a whole neigh- 
borhood must pull together. If one lone garden goes to the 
bad, all the rest suffer. 
It would be hopeless to try to enumerate even the common 
insects that bring sorrow to the farmer. The best that can 
be attempted here is to lay down a few principles and to 
suggest a general working plan. To learn more, one must 
consult some of the many manuals on the subject. 
The first step, however, towards learning to protect plants 
from pests is to determine what sort of feeder each insect is. 
Among the injurious insects there are what we may call two 
grand methods of feeding. One method is chewing by means 
of an elaborate set of jaws ; the other is piercing the tissues 
and sucking out the juices. A potato beetle and a squash 
bug are representatives of these two types. After examining 
their mouth parts with a magnifying glass, no comment will 
be required upon "their tricks and their manners"; suffice 
it to say that each does full justice to the delicate tools, 
whether for sucking or for lace-making, with which he is 
equipped. To destroy chewers it will be necessary to sprinkle 
some sort of poison on the plant, either in liquid or in powder 
form. If the plant in question is like the potato in that its 
