POISONOUS METALS ON SPRAYED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 9 
In 1898 Hoffmann reported 62] the presence of from 0.0046 to 
0.012S gram of copper per liter in wines, but failed to give the history 
of the samples. Later he reported 0. 00096 and 0.0058 gram of copper 
per liter in wine. 0.002S and 0.O050 gram of copper per liter in must. 
0.0027 and 0.0045 gram of copper per liter m grape-skm wine, and 
0.053 gram of copper per 100 grams in the grape skins. 
Selby found 117 0.0004 gram of copper per 100 grams of grapes 
to be the maximum amount on the samples he examined. To show 
that sprayed grapes can be safely used for making wine he cites 
Krtiger 69>. "that in the different musts different amounts of copper. 
at the beginning of fermentation, or just before the beginning, enter 
into an insoluble and consequently an inert copper compound, m 
consequence of the presence of greater or less amounts of organic 
acids. From this condition it is likely that the copper of the must. 
arising from the spraying of the grapes, is without any importance 
for the wine." 
Gibbs and James 57 reported that 292 of 352 samples of wine 
examined contained no arsenic. 58 contained from a trace to 1 part 
in S. 000. 000. 1 contained 1 part in 5.000.000. and another 1 part in 
2.500.000. They stated also that of 200 samples of wine examined 
by C. S. Ash the three highest in arsenic contained 1 part in 6.000.000. 
1 part in 8,000,000, and 1 part in 14.000.000. "The most probable 
sources of the major part of that found are arsenical sprays when used 
upon the vines, sulphur burned for the purpose of sulphuring the 
wines and receptacles, and perhaps to some extent the lead shot used 
in cleaning the bottles." A sample of sulphur from a California 
winery was found to contain arsenic in the proportion of 1 part in 
5.000. It is not stated whether these wines were the product of 
sprayed vines. 
In 1906 Roger Mares S2 reported that he found no trace of 
arsenic in wine from a vine treated a month before grape gathering 
with a copper-arsenical mixture, and he accordingly continued to 
recommend this combined mixture as a spray for the vines hi Algiers. 
The same year Von der Heide 61 reported the results shown in 
Table 2 on products of vines that had been sprayed with lead arse- 
nate. 
Table 2. — Metals on products of vines sprayed with lead arsenate {Von der Held . 
Arsenic. Lead. 
Copper. 
: ;. [ p 5 m> : h«s milligrams Der 100 grams ) 
0.3 
0.7 .... 
Graces individual) (milligrams per 100 gram s 
.2 
.3 
Stems milligrams Der 100 Ijrams) 
7.1 
10.6 .... 
Leaves milligrams per 100 gram- .... 
16.0 
«& ) 
■ 8 J ■ ' 
:: 
Grape skins (milligrams per 100 grams) 
Must milligrams per 100 grams) 
Tall wine (milligrams per 100 grams) 
Spring -wine 1 milligrams per 100 grams) 
Wet lees 1 'milligrams per 100 grams) 
•■•••••■•-■••{ £ 
3.0 
2 
4.8 .... 
20.7 
Try lees .milligrams per 100 grams." 1 
12.9 
2638— 22— Bull. 1027 
