POISOXOUS METALS OX SPRAYED FRUITS AXD VEGETABLES. 7 
are taken up by the blood, and poisoning can occur only if the necessary quantity 
enters the circulation: and that to forbid copper in foods and drinks is to forbid those 
plants which take it up from the ground, and also to designate the use of bread and 
chocolate as dangerous to the health. 
Lehmann reported the following amounts of copper per kilogram 
in various plant and animal substances: In wheat, 7.5 milligrams; 
in cherries, 1.5 milligrams; in pears, 0.5 milligram; and in beef liver, 
from 6.4 to 59 milligrams (71) (73). He stated (72) that the species 
of the plant had far less influence than the quantity of the copper in 
the soil on the amount taken up by the plant. 
In 1891 objections to the use of American apples because of the 
presence on them of arsenic were made in certain British journals. 
However, Maynard (85), Munson (97), and Fletcher (38) proved 
that the objection had no basis in fact, and later (10) (103) (126) it 
became apparent that such objections to sprayed fruit in England 
were neither very general nor very deep-seated. 
Table 1 shows the amount of arsenic and copper found by R. C. 
Kedzie (66) on fruit sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and London 
purple in 1892 and 1893. 
Table 1. — Arsenic and copper on fruit sprayed in 1892 and 1893 with Bordeaux mixture 
and London purple {Kedzie). 
Fruit. 
Date sprayed. 
Date 
picked. 
Spray used. 
As 2 3 . 
CuS04.5H 2 0. 
Strawberries 
Do 
Red cherries 
Do 
1892. 
June 18, 23 
do 
June 18,30 
do 
1892. 
June 24 
...do 
July 6 
.do 
6-4-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 
don purple, 200 gallons water. 
2-14-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound 
London purple, 200 gallons 
water. 
6-4-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 
don purple, 200 gallons water. 
2-14-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound 
London purple, 200 gallons 
water. 
6-4-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 
don purple, 200 gallons water. 
Grains 
0. 0440 
.0298 
.0882 
.0250 
.1210 
.0503 
.0098 
.0233 
.0372 
.0088 
per pound. 
4.870 
1.821 
.390 
.252 
White cherries 
Red currants 
June 30 
Mav 25, June 
7", 18, 30. 
June 6, 28, 
JulyS. 
June IS, 29, 
Julv 8, 22. 
do 
June 15, July 
7, 21, Aug. 7. 
1893. 
Mav 15, June 
12, July 10. 
Mav 14, June 
10, 18, Julv 
15. 
do 
July 1 
Julv 8 

Raspberries 
Gooseberries 
I)o 
Pears =. 
July 20 
Aug. 2 
...do 
Sept. 6 
2-14-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound 
London purple, 200 gallons 
water. 
6-4-32 Bordeaux, 1 pound Lon- 
don purple, 200 gallons water. 
do 
do 
.028 
.601 
.362 
.0738 
Do 
No London purple, 2-2-32 Bor- 
deaux. 
First 3 dates, 2-2-32 Bordeaux; 
last date, "eauceleste." 
do 
.100 
Russian cherries. . . 
.147 
Plums 
.200 
The skins from 1 pound of the sprayed pears gave 0.106 grain and 
the flesh gave 0.071 grain of copper sulphate, " showing that while 
most of the copper salt adheres to the surface, a portion finds its 
way into the body of the fruits." 
