10 
The Queensland Naturalist 
Feb., 1942 
a-while), Lantana camara (lantana; introduced), Rubus 
Hillii and R. parvifolius (raspberries) (prickly lianas) ; 
Tragia novae-hollandiae (liana with stinging hairs) ; 
Dianella caerulea , Cyperus tetraphyllus, C. enervis , Carex 
declinata, Imperata cylindrica var. major (blady grass, 
at open forest edge only), Oplismenus imbecillis , Panicum 
lachnophyllum (grasses and grass-like herbs) ; Alpinia 
caerulea (wild ginger) ; Doodia intermedia , Adiantum 
fonnosum, and Dryopteris decomposita (ferns) ; and 
Siegesbeckia orientalis (farmer’s flea, a common herb with 
viscid fruit). 
3. Vegetation of the Stream Banks and Beds (Figs. 
2, 3, 4, 7 and 8). Along Running Creek itself is a definite 
fringing forest differing from that away from the creek. 
In the lower part of the area studied, this forest (Figs. 2 
and 3) consists of a line or narrow belt of trees of chiefly 
Casuarina Cunninghamiana (river she-oak) and the 
smaller and usually crooked Callistemon viminalis (red 
bottle-brush, red tea-tree). Where the Closed Forest 
comes down to the creek, and also on some of the tributary 
streams from the north, magnificent tall, straight, white- 
barked trees of the flooded gum ( Eucalyptus salignaf or 
else E. grandis) become prominent. Shortly above the 
junction of the two branches, scrub box ( Tristania 
conferta ) and flooded gum, together dominate the fringing 
forest in places (cf. Fig. 7). Still further up these trees 
disappear, and except for the prevalence of the maiden’s 
blush ( Sloanea australis) and piccabeen palms ( Archonto - 
phoenix Cunninghamiana) , the trees on the bank are much 
the same as those of the rain-forest on the sides of the 
gorge. In these places also, Helmholtzia glaberrima 
occupies steep damp slopes (Fig. 8). Along the tributary 
gullies the Fringing Forest of the creek extends for a 
shorter or longer way, but in open forest country it is 
composed almost exclusively of Casuarina. Close to the 
water’s edge there occur in the Casuarina- dominant parts 
a few tall grasses or grass-like plants, notably Cyperus 
exaltatus, C . eleusinoides , and Echinochloa sp., the smaller 
Carex polyantha , Lomanclra longifolia (sword grass), 
Pennisetum alopecuroides and Paspalum dilatatum. 
Lantana also occurs in places. 
Carex and Lomandra persist well up the stream 
beyond the open forest, growing among boulders in the 
bed or on the banks ; here one of the most characteristic 
plants is Elatostemma reticulatum , which also forms large 
