Feb., 1942 
The Queensland Naturalist 
11 
masses over the rocks at the foot of the falls. EpUobium 
junceum also occurs in rock crevices. 
4. Swamps. — Only one small swamp occurs in the 
area, not far from the Border Tunnel, and it is apparently 
shallow. Around its edge are a few tall blue gums, and 
near the water ’s edge among clumps of Pennisetum 
alopecuroides is a thick mat of water-couch ( Paspalum 
distichwm) and plants of Ranunculus rivularis . Then, in 
the shallowest water, is a pale green zone of closely matted 
partly floating plants of the grass Panicum Buncei with 
the yellow- flowered Jussiaea repens, and a few clumps of 
the rush J uncus polyanthemus. Then, in the deeper water 
is a stand of the rush-like sedge Eleocharis equisetina, with 
occasional Polygonum minus . 
Other aquatic vegetation was not closely studied. In 
gently flowing parts of the creek Potamogeton crispus and 
Hydrilla verticillata are not uncommon, while in back- 
waters Azolla rubra and Lenina sp. also occur. 
5. Artificial and Induced Vegetation (Figs. 2 and 
6). — The country drained by the headwaters of Chinghee 
Creek has been almost completely cleared except for the 
small remnants of closed forest alluded to above. A great 
part has been sown to Rhodes grass with Paspalum on the 
lower ground. There is an intermediate zone near the 
bottom of the ridges. No other herbaceous plant was 
observed associated with Rhodes grass. On and near the 
crest of the divide, and also in parts of the valley of 
Running Creek where clearing has occurred, in places 
where rain-forest formerly existed, the vegetation is com- 
posed of an almost impenetrable mass of stinking roger 
( Tagetes glandulifera) 8-10 ft. high (cf. Fig. 6). Lantana 
thickets occur scattered through this and sometimes 
entirely replaces it. Much of this proved quite impene- 
trable unless it were possible to cut one’s way. Cape 
gooseberry ( Pliysalis virginiana) and raspberries ( Rubus 
spp.) also occur in places, but wild tobacco ( Solanum 
auriculatum) is relatively rare. 
When open forest is cleared the first tendency seems 
to be merely a thickening (if possible) of the original 
herbaceous cover ; Capillipedium and Hyparrhenia are 
sometimes more prevalent than in the natural forest. 
Later, Paspalum becomes prominent, and in the lower 
places tends to dominate the flora; one of the introduced 
clovers, Trifolium procumbens , is often associated here. 
In the valley of Chinghee Creek, country formerly 
