4-2 
THE SUBSTITUTE. 
winter qinarters wliile the weather 
is still hot as it is in August? 
Surely there is more than one 
brood of V. Vrticce. The females 
which have hybernated must all 
have laid their eggs by the end of 
May, and yet the larvae are not to 
be found in August, nor even 
September : they feed up rapidly, 
and do not remain long in the 
chrysalis : last year the latest 
brood, which was in October, had 
the spots along the costa of the 
upper wings, which are usually 
yellow, of a silvery white, so that 
they looked very conspicuous. I 
think I never saw Thymele Alveo- 
Ivs close its wings over its back ; 
the lower wings were always hori- 
zontal, the u]i))er ones a little 
raised, so as not to touch the 
lower. I never met with a second 
brood. Although P. ISylimius 
abounds in Salop 1 never met 
with one earlier than July; I do 
not believe in a May brood. In 
some rough fields on the top of 
Wenlock Edge, a range of hills in 
Salop, I found in June AnMrocera 
Piti pend nice in immense numbers, 
but searched in vain for Loniccrce. 
There were plenty of pupai in co- 
coons on the grass-stems, and I 
took about a score home: to my 
sui prise in a few days they pro- 
duced Lonicerte ; and when 1 
went to the place, a fortnight after 
my former visit, Loniceree w'as in 
e(|ual profusion, and scarcely a 
I'ilipendulce to be seen ; they were 
so abumlant that there were gene- 
rally at least half a dozen on a 
tuft of wild thyme, which grows 
there in abundance. The ]iupa of 
(S’. Salicis is black, with small 
flesh-coloured spots on the seg- 
ments, and a good deal of yellow 
hair. 1 have frequently seen 
Gnophria Rubricollis flying in the 
sunshine. — Chaulks G. Ba.h- 
RETT, 37, Park Street, Mile End ; 
November 3, 1 856. 
Notes by an Old Collector . — 
Barren Wood, rich ground for an 
entomologist, is about eleven miles 
south of Carlisle, on the left bank 
of the river Eden. There the en- 
tomologist may luxuriate for infi- 
nity. It is likewise worthy the 
notice of the tourist in search of 
the pictures(iue. The forest is 
redolent of beauty. There are 
scenes viewed from the river of 
surpassing loveliness, and the pic- 
ture, as seen from the Cat Clint 
(a rocky eminence rising abruptly 
from the river), is magnificent. 
As you stand on this lofty pedes- 
tal, the noble river below you 
gurgles over its rocky bed its 
drowsy music, breaking the still- 
ness otherwise reigning around ; 
and Coombe Wood, in wild gran- 
deur of rock and tree, rises on the 
right bank of the river rugged and 
frowning. On your side, margin- 
ing the rock on which you stand, 
and extending its front opposite 
the wood, is a meadow, for loveli- 
ness worthy the peneil of a Con- 
stable, a solitary oak heightening 
the eflect. Bordering the meadow 
and expanding over a great sur- 
face, is an amphitheatre embra- 
cing nearly every variety of plant 
incidental to the North, the ma- 
jestic oak towering over all the 
traceried fern and dark and bright 
hued shruhs gracing the rocky 
sides and lower region, and form- 
ing a scene that becomes graven on 
the memory for ever. Along the 
sloping sides in sportive playful- 
ness flics Ncmeobius Luviua in no 
niggardly numbers. Here are 
also the active Thymele, the more 
