THE SUBSTITUTE. 
31 
eiiquivino; student: in short, the 
move I thought about it the more 
perplexed I became. So I was 
obliged to tell my boy, after 
twenty-four hours cogitation, that 
the reason “ why entomoU)gists 
didn’t attend to the flies” was 
that their tastes didn’t lie in that 
direction. Perhaps you tvill say 
that this is no explanation ; but I 
just send you the difficulty as it 
occurred, and the way I got out 
of it. 
No. 3. 
“ When a moth emerges from the 
pupa it is natural for it to remain 
quiet till its wings are fully deve- 
loped,’’ 4'C., (Intelligencer, p. 18). 
— My boy wanted to know how he 
should always be able to tell whe- 
tlier a moth was fresh out of the 
chrysalis, for he had a sad misfor- 
tune in May ; he took a Puss 
^loth oft a willow tree and killed 
it at once, and then discovered 
that the wings, though grown, 
were not stiff, and consequently 
the moth was of no use. Now, in 
the first place, by putting your 
finger under the wings and push- 
ing them out, you wdll soon find 
out whether they are limp or not; 
and liesides, all insects when they 
emerge from the pupa have the 
bodv much swollen, and discharge 
a drop, or drops, of some liquid 
(generally dark - coloured) IVom 
the anus. If, on taking a Noctua 
or Bomhyx from a paling, it makes 
a mess in the box, it is not then 
ready to be killed, and it should 
be kept for several hours before 
you offer to kill it : so that the 
greenhonis should notice 
1st. Whether the wings are 
limp. 
2ndly. Whether the body is 
swollen. 
3rdly. Whether any liquid is 
discharged. 
And if any one of these is the 
case, be cautious and donot proceed 
too hastily to deprive the insect of 
its life. — Patekfamilias. . 
[To be continued.] 
Phlogophora empyrea. — I beg 
leave to “ substitute” a correct ac- 
count of the capture of Phlogo- 
phom empyrea, besides those 
named in ‘ Substitute,’ No. 1. 
Five other collectors have taken 
this species, not one of whom has 
the slightest idea of foreign speci- 
mens of Empyrea, Alniaria, or 
Erythrocephala, being in this 
town. Messrs. Cooke and Win- 
ter seem better informed. If such 
is the case, I should be particu- 
larly glad to know who has them, 
certainly not to palm them off as 
British. These sort of charges 
ought to be well authenticated, 
not insinuated. I annex a list of 
Empyrea taken, and by whom. 
In justice to myself and others I 
should be very much obliged if 
you would insert, as early as con- 
venient, something to the above 
effect. 
Empyrea taken. 
15th Oct. Mr. Foxcroft, 2. 
„ „ Mr. Smith, 3. 
16th „ Mr. Howse, 1. 
„ „ Mr. Foxcroft, 2. 
17th „ Mr. Hemmings, 1. 
18th „ Mr, Tidy, 1. 
20th „ !Mr. Smith, 1. 
22nd „ Mr. Hemmings, 1 
much worn. And two others by 
Mr. Foxcroft, are all that I am 
cognizant of. None of them 
are now for disposal. — John 
He3imings, 2, Bedford Build- 
ings, Brighton ; October 30, 
1856. 
