THE SUBSTITUTE. 
17 
their misery, while those that were 
not ready would stick on the 
branches pininpf after their state 
of nature, until it made you miser- 
able to see them ; you could 
almost fancy they were saying, 
sooner than be captives we will 
die first, which they did. — R ichd. 
Cari'mel, 13, iViUiams Grove, 
Hiqh Park, Walivorth ; Juhf 21, 
1856. 
A Beginners List of Butter- 
flies, ^c., observed at Bislerne, 
Ringwood, Hants, from October 
15, 1855, to October 15, 1856, 
being his First Year of Observa- 
tion. 
G. Rhamni. — February 9, mid- 
dle of June. New brood, July 22. 
Was last seen in 1855 on Novem- 
ber 6, so that it is the latest as 
well as the earliest of our butter- 
flies. Although the male ap- 
peared February 9, I saw no 
females until March 28, and then 
their appearance was so striking, 
that I was led to the conclusion 
that either through the gallantry 
of the males, or the luxuriousness 
of the females, the former certainly 
left their winter quarters first, re- 
minding one of the similar cir- 
cumstance in the arrival of certain 
birds of passage. According to 
my short experience, however, the 
female (among Lepidoptera) is 
generally the first to emerge from 
pupa; but I observe that in the 
‘ Intelligencer,’ the editor remarks 
the contrary with respect to A. 
Paphia. I found larvm feeding 
on suckers of Rhamnus frangula, 
July 10. In the ‘Manual’ it is 
described as dark green. It is 
green, irrorated with black, very 
similar to that of P. Rupee. A 
bred specimen was in pupa from 
July 26 to August 8. This but- 
terfly is certainly only single- 
brooded. What can give rise to 
any question on this point ? They 
come out from hybernation in 
much better preservation, and 
look cleaner than the rest certainly, 
but I cannot believe in a distinct 
spring brood. It has a long life ; 
hut it is a muscular creature and 
hardy. 
P. Brassicce. — May 16. Second 
brood, August 5. These dates I 
should think are very late. This 
butterfly does not seem to me to 
be nearly so common here as in 
other more cultivated places. I 
could not breed it; for although I 
collected about thirty caterpillars, 
both in October, 1855, and last 
July, they were all and every one 
Ichneumonized. 
P. Rapa. — April 2. Second 
brood, July 15 ; third brood, Sep- 
tember 18. Found larvae in the 
beginning of July, which were in 
pupa from July 12 to 25. They 
have a thin orange dorsal line, 
not noticed in the ‘Manual,’ but 
which is a conspicuous character- 
istic: one of those found at the 
end of August remained in pupa 
from August 25 to September 18, 
more than a week longer than the 
preceding brood: the first brood 
of course was in pupa the whole 
winter, so that the duration of the 
pupa state of insects is (as every 
one knows) quite indefinite, and 
depending on the temperature of 
the season : but so also, it would 
seem, is the number of the broods 
themselves inconstant, depending 
on the general temperature of the 
year. 
P. Napi. — April 21. Second 
brood, July 18. Perhaps the 
commonest of the genus here, 
although I did not find the larvte; 
c 3 
