8 
THE SUBSTITUTE. 
tomoloev is popular and interest- 
ing, and numbers of persons go 
there for the same purpose that I 
did.— H. B. 
[All students can have access 
to the general collection in the 
Museum, one of the finest in the 
world, and they will meet with at- 
tention from the officers. Ask for 
the insect-room next time you go.] 
The (le.itruclion of JVasps. — I 
am induced to communicate to 
you the method I have followed 
to red vice the number of wasps. 
It is well understood that it is 
useless to war against nature ; 
still, by a little trouble we can 
keep different pests (as we call 
them) wiihin bounds, in addition 
to the e.vcellent plan of the Rev. 
J. S. Henslow. There must be 
vnany nests not discoverable every 
season. It is well known to those 
who study the science of insects, 
that the last young wasps that 
leave the nest are male and fe- 
male (queen.s) only. Borne few 
seasons back I observed, in the 
aniumn, that a vast many of this 
iribe resorted daily to a giant Fen- 
nel plant. Ferula in botany, and 
that tlie whole of them were male 
and young queens; only it struck 
me that if I u.sed the Tinea net 
to entrap the females, I should 
greatly reduce their number the 
fidlowing season. The males, as 
you know, have long horns, and 
do not sting, so that any gardener, 
imedified in insect lore, might 
greatly reduce the enemies to his 
wall-lruit, and .save his ripe 
gooseberries — the titbit of the 
tribe. H e would be sure to destroy 
fifty or sixty queens by his per.se- 
vcrance daily, with this little 
trouble. If this is of any use to 
you, or your readers, you arc wel- 
come to make it known. — Thos. 
Fokdii.vm, Snehmore Hill East, 
Newbury, Berks ; September 27, 
1856. 
Notice. — I understand that it is 
well known that a considerable 
number of foreign specimens of 
Empi/rea, Alnioria tiiid Eryihroce- 
phala have been introduced itito 
this town, and will probably be 
shortly palmed off as genuine 
British specimens. I thought that 
by making this publicly known I 
might put purchasers of insects 
on their guard. The only speci- 
mens of Empyrea that I have heard 
of having been captured in this 
country this season, were taken 
by Mr. Cooke, Mr. Egles, and one 
by Mr. Thorncroft. — John X. 
WiNTKK, 28, MontpiTier Road, 
Briyhton; October 15, 1856. 
Notes by an Old Collector. — In 
this month’s ‘ Manual of British 
Butterflies and Moths,’ Carlisle 
is mentioned as a locality for 
many insects. Years gone by I 
was a resident of that town, ami 
an ardent collector of larvvc ; and 
in this paper I purpose namhig 
the quarter where I captured the 
larvae of some of the vnoths named, 
in the hope that collectors will 
not allow places of like character 
to escape their notice when search- 
ing for cater[iillars. The ground 
to the north of Carlisle is open 
and bleak, portions of which are 
known by the name of “ ^losse.s,’’ 
with the ntime of the parish in 
which the moss is situated pre- 
fixed. They till possess the same 
distinctive features, the surface is 
plentifully covered with heather, 
and various species of birch, pop- 
lar, willow, alder, oak and .shrubs 
here timl there stiul the ground. 
.Amongst the heather and moss I 
