7i 
THE SUBSTITUTE. 
you hosts of pupae laid up suugly 
in their mines ; LilJiocolletis irra- 
diella was first reared in this way. 
Gather stems of Umbellifera, 
thistles, teazles and herbaeeous 
plants of all kinds, and as many 
seed-heads of all sorts as you can ; 
keep them out of doors till April, 
then take them into a room, and 
all summer long you will have 
arrivals of silent though active 
visitors. 
If you are a Coleopterist your 
digger will find profitable em- 
ployment in ripping the loose bark 
off felled timber, turning up 
beetles in the larva, pupa and 
perfect state. Those who live 
near old trees should now be 
happy ; their decayed wood is a 
perfect mine of wealth to a Co- 
leopterist. Puff-balls, now ripe, 
yield, besides their dust, Lycoper- 
dina Bovistm and Cryptophayus 
Lycoperdi ; one wonders how they 
can live in such a smother. 
Fungi and Boleii generally are 
now worth searching. But the 
beetle-hunter now revels in the 
joys of searching for the ‘ moss- 
troopers.’ Let moss grow where it 
will it always affords winter quar- 
ters to millions of beetles. Shake 
well a handliil over a large sheet 
of paper and see how they come 
tumbling out: some set off and 
run for their lives ; stop them, if 
you want them, and ])ut them into 
your laurel-bottle. Throw away 
the moss, and place the shakings 
into a bag or canister for exami- 
nation at home after the sleepers 
therein have been awakened by 
the warmth of your room. Repeat 
the operation as long as you like, 
and then you will find that you 
have abundant employment for 
those days when you cannot make 
active demonstrations out of doors. 
Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and 
Diplera, often make their appear- 
ance among moss. If you want 
these now is your time ; if not, per- 
haps some friend would thank you 
for them ; if neither, think before 
you throw them away whether you 
ought not to want them, to learn 
something about them. 
TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
All communications to be authen- 
ticated by the name of the writer, 
and to be addressed To THE Edi- 
tor 01’ ‘The SuBSTiTUTK,’ 9, 
Devonshiuk Street, Bjshops- 
GATK Street, London. 
Jt is particularly requested that 
all Names o f Insects may be written 
plainly and without ahbreviation, 
find that they may be airanged in 
the order of any of the printed 
lists. 
‘The Sudstitute’ will be con- 
tinued for Iwenty weeks, and will 
be forwarded weekly by post to 
Subscribers of Five Shillings, 
which amotmt may be smt in 
