THE SUBSTITUTE. 
119 
' which is similar in habit to those 
of several genera in this family, 
has a rather curious peculiarity, 
'which consists of a certain velvety 
appearance, which is not due to 
any down, but rather resembles 
an efflorescence like that which 
covers certain chrysalides, but yet 
. it is not of that nature, and does 
mot come off on being handled, but 
it is very appreciable to the touch, 
and feels like a very fine velvet. 
The caterpillar lives in winter in 
the middle of tufts of grasses, in 
woods. The perfect insect passes 
its life sitting on the trunks of 
: trees, and flies seldom even at 
night; very different in that re- 
<spect from Heliophobus popularis, 
■ with which it has otherwise some 
relation. (Vol. I., p. 177.) 
Cerigo. 
This genus of Mr. Stephens, 
which I had previously adopted, 
but in which I was wrong to in- 
iclude prospicua, oscillates like 
rmany of its allies between Apa- 
imidce and Noctuidce. In form, 
lindeed, it completely recals to one 
Uhat division of Agrotis which in- 
ccludes forcipula. Nevertheless, 
'the abdomen is slightly crested, 
aand the roof-shaped position of the 
wings in repose have determined 
:me to place it here. The larvae 
lare somewhat similar to those of 
ccertain Leucanida : they live much 
1 concealed, and live exclusively on 
fgrasses: they live through the 
■winter, and acquire their full size 
iin the spring, but they are deli- 
neate; and although the broods are 
numerous, but a small number 
sarrive at the perfect state. (Vol. 
p. 179.) 
Luperina. 
I had before adopted this genus 
of M. Boisduval, which appeared 
to me founded on good characters, 
but, far from approving of the con- 
siderable extent which he has 
given it in his genera, I have still 
further restricted it than I had 
done in my Index. Keduced as it 
now is, it still consists of two very 
distinct groups, which here re- 
quire a separate history. The 
larva of the first group (which 
consists of a single species not yet 
found in Britain — luteagv) have 
nearly the manners of Gortyna, 
that is to say, that they excavate 
in the roots of certain plants gal- 
leries in which they advance by 
degrees, as they empty them by 
eating them ; but they only inha- 
bit the stems when quite young. 
Besides, the chrysalis is not en- 
closed in the gallery where the 
larva has lived, so that the perfect 
insect does not issue by an open- 
ing formed beforehand as in the 
truly endophagous larvae. A con- 
sequence of this manner of living 
is, that the female of the perfect 
insect is provided with a long ovi- 
positor, as in Dianthecia ; and as 
the larva feeds on Caryophyllese, 
M. de Graslin, who has published 
an excellent memoir on the habits 
of Luteago (in the ‘ Annales de la 
SocieleEntomologique de France,’ 
1842, p. 313, pi. 13,) on the faith 
of this apparent conformity, places 
it in that genus ; but even the 
manners of this caterpillar, the 
general appearance of this perfect 
insect, its robust legs, the confor- 
mation of its head, and even the 
markings on its wings, show that 
it cannot be united with Dianthe- 
cia. It has, on the contrary, 
