are activated by growth factors in cultured cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 
85:4691-4695, 1988. 
Leonard, D.G.B.; Gorham, J.D.; Cole, P.; Greene, L.A.; and Ziff, E.B. A nerve 
growth factor- regulated messenger RNA encodes a new intermediate 
filament protein. J Cell Biol 106:1 81 -193, 1988. 
Lim, R.W.; Varnum, B.C.; and Herschman, H.R. Cloning of tetradecanoyl 
phorbol ester-induced ‘primary response’ sequences and their expression 
in density-arrested Swiss 3T3 cells and a TPA non-proliferative variant. 
Oncogene 1:263-270, 1987. 
Marciniak, R.A.; Calnan, R.J.; Frankel, A.D.; and Sharp, P.A. HIV-1 Tat protein 
trans-activates transcription in vitro. Cell 63:791 -802, 1 990. 
Mechta, F.; Piette, J.; Hirai, S.I.; and Yaniv, M. Stimulation of protein kinase C 
or protein kinase A mediated signal transduction pathways shows three 
modes of response among serum inducible genes. N Biol 1 :297-304, 1 989. 
Milbrandt, J. A new growth factor-induced gene encodes a possible 
transcriptional regulatory factor. Science 238:797-799, 1987. 
Milbrandt, J. Nerve growth factor induces a gene homologous to the 
glucocorticoid receptor gene. Neuron 1:183-188, 1988. 
Miwa, T., and Kedes, L. Duplicated CArG box domains have positive and 
mutually dependent regulatory roles in expression of the human alpha- 
cardiac actin gene. Mol Cell Biol 7:2803-281 3, 1 987. 
Molloy, C.J.; Bottaro, D.P.; Fleming, T.P.; Marshall, M.S.; Gibbs, J.B.; and 
Aaronson, S.A. PDGF induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of GTPase 
activating protein. Nature 342:71 1-714, 1989. 
Morgan, J.I., and Curran, T. Role of ion flux in the control of c-fos expression. 
Nature 322:552-555, 1986. 
Morgan, J.I., and Curran, T. Stimulus-transcription coupling in neurons: Role 
of cellular immediate-early genes. Trends Neurosci 1 2:459-462, 1 989. 
Morrison, D.K.; Kaplan, D.R.; Escobedo, J.A.; Rapp, U.R.; Roberts, T.M.; and 
Williams, L.T. Direct activation of the serine/threonine kinase activity of Raf- 
1 through tyrosine phosphorylation by the PDGF beta-receptor. Cell 58:649- 
657,1989. 
Mudryj, M.; Hiebert, S.W.; and Nevins, J.R. A role for the adenovirus inducible 
E2F transcription factor in a proliferation dependent signal transduction 
pathway. EMBOJ 9:21 79-21 84, 1990. 
Muller, R.; Bravo, R.; Burckhardt, J.; and Curran, T. Induction of c-fos gene and 
protein by growth factors precedes activation of c-myc. Nature 312:71 6-720, 
1984. 
Murre, C.; McCaw, P.S.; Vaessin, H.; Caudy, M.; Jan, L.Y.; Jan, Y.N.; Cabrera, 
C.V.; Buskin, J.N.; Hauschka, S.D.; Lassar, A.B.; Weintraub, H.; and 
Baltimore, D. Interactions between heterologous helix-loop-helix protein 
generate complexes that bind specifically to a common DNA sequence. Cell 
58:537-544, 1989. 
19 
