[ 66 ] 
To7ig-Ka77g, or the Kang built in the wall, differ 
from the ‘■Ji-Kang only by its perpendicular portion j 
the theory is the fame. 
4. The Kang is heated by lighting a fire in the 
furnace. The fmoke and even the flame ruflies 
violently into the pipe, and is carried off by the vent 
holes all through the ftove, where, being pent up, it 
heats the bricks of the pavement in the fpace of five 
or fix hours ; when a Kang is thoroughly heated, 
very little fire is required to keep it warm, though 
here the thermometer is almoft all the winter at 9, 
10, and even 12 or 13 degrees below the freezing 
point (in Reaumur’s thermometer) ; and although all 
the rooms are on the ground floor, and have nothing 
but windows, and thole paper windows, all over the 
front, which is commonly to the fouth, the warmth 
of the Kang is fufheient to keep up their tempera- 
ture at 7 or 8 degrees above frofl:, with very little 
fire confiantly kept up. It feldom rifes to more than 
4 or 5 degrees in the Emperor’s apartments, owing 
to the double row of bricks, but the warmth is very 
gentle and very penetrating. 
As a Kang is heated by a furnace, any kind of 
fuel will do, vi%. wood, charcoal, fea coal, furze, &c. 
The Chinefe make the mofl of every thing. In the 
palace they burn nothing but wood, or a kind of 
coal which neither fmoaks nor fmells, and burns 
like tinder. The generality of people burn fea coal : 
the poor in the country make ufe of furze, flraw, 
cow dung, See. 
A great faving may accrue from the following ob- 
fervation •, the Chinefe, to fave coals, pound them to 
the 
