C 491 ] 
the infcription ROMA, and the mark of the Dena- 
rius X or X, and fome few XVI, and a Biga or Qua- 
driga on the other. The next to thefe in antiquity- 
have the head of Roma, or fome other Deity, on one 
fide, and on the reverfe, the name of the mintmafler, 
or mintmafiers, with hiftorical or emblematical fi- 
gures. Many of thefe have the X or X, which con- 
tinued to be the mark of the Denarius long after it 
pafied for 1 6 yljjes j whence fome have concluded that 
it was reduced again to ten AJfes^ contrary to the ex- 
prefs teftimony of Vitruvius (4) ; and Tacitus tells us 
that the mutinous legions in Pannonia demanded, to 
have their pay raifed from ten AJfes^ to a Denarius. 
A third fort hath the head of a Conful or a General on 
one fide, with an hiftorical or emblematical reverfe. 
Few, if any, of thefe have the mark X or ^ upon 
them. Thefe three forts are called Confular Denarii, 
as having been ftruck during the republican govern- 
ment by Confuls. The Imperial Denarii have com- 
monly the head of the reigning Emperor, with his 
name and titles on one fide, and fome emblematical 
figures on the reverfe, with a fuitable infcription. 
The Romans coined their firft gold money by the 
Scruple, as appears from Pliny’s account, which is 
confirmed by the coins j for he tells us the Scruple 
pafied for twenty Sefterces, and the reare gold coins 
now remaining with the numerals XX, and XXXX, ' 
which anfwer to the weight of one, and two ancient 
Roman Scruples. Thefe have the head of Mars on 
one fide, with the numeral letters denoting their value, 
(4) Vitruvius, L. III. c. i. So like wife Volufius Maitianus. 
Taciti Anna!. L, i. § 17. & 26. 
R r r 2 and 
