SHRUBS AND TREES, 
121 
natural that the privet should long have been a favorite for garden 
hedges. The wax-leaved privet, Ligustnmi lucidu 7 n^ and the Cali- 
fornia privet, L. californica^ are shrubs of larger and more glossy 
foliage, and probably hardy in most parts of the country. The 
lilacs, bush honeysuckles, syringas, altheas, weigelias, and some 
wild roses, may all be grown as hedges with pleasing effect where de- 
ciduous plants are used. In short, good hedges are much more the 
result of the patience and persistent care of the gardener than of the 
natural tendencies of certain shrubs or trees. 
Verdant Arches and Bowers. — In 
Chapter VI some allusion was made to the 
pretty effect of verdant gateway arches. 
There is no limit to the charming variety of 
effects that can be produced by training 
and pruning trees and large shrubs, both 
evergreen and deciduous, into fanciful 
forms for gateway and garden arches, 
verdant pavilions, and bowers. As ever- 
greens are most constantly beautiful for 
such purposes, we will first call attention to 
a few forms in which they may be used. 
The hemlock can be treated as illustrated 
by Figs. 31, 32, and 33, which we here re- 
peat. The first represents two hemlocks 
which have been planted two feet away from, 
and on each side of an ordinary gateway. 
After five or six years’ growth they may be 
high enough to begin work upon. A crotch- 
ed stick about two feet shorter than the dis- 
tance of the trees apart, is stretched from one 
to another, from six to seven feet from the ground, and fixed there 
to keep the tops apart up to that point. Above the stick, the tops 
(supposing that they are tall enough to admit of it) are to be bent 
towards each other until they join, then twisted together, and tied 
so that they cannot untwist. To do this so as to form a graceful 
arch, the trees must be about eleven or twelve feet high. After 
Fig, 31. 
