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ARTIFICIAL ADAPTATIONS OF 
of the curved stems must be cut back to prevent them from becom- 
ing leaders. Fig. 36 shows one development of this mode of 
training ; the sides and top having been trimmed in mosque- 
dome form, the curve of the living frame of the pavilion being 
well adapted to produce it. It will require from twelve to fifteen 
years to perfect such a pavilion, but the group will be pretty, and 
interesting at every stage of its growth. In this, as in most other 
things in life, it is well to remember Shakespeare’s lines — 
“What’s won is done sotil lies in the doing." 
A pretty variation of the above plan, for larger verdant pavil- 
ions, may be created by simply 
bending the tree-tops towards the 
centre in the manner above de- 
scribed, but not close together, 
leaving a circular opening six feet 
wide over the centre, in the man- 
ner of a dome sky-light. 
The fir trees, though fine for 
lofty screens or hedges, have more 
rigid wood, and do not bear so 
much bending; still very beauti- 
ful results of a similar kind may 
be produced with the Norway 
spruce, which is the best of the 
firs for this purpose. It bears cut- 
ting quite as well as the hemlock. 
The Cypressus Lawsoniana which 
combines a rapid growth, and the freedom of the hemlock, with 
arbor-vitae-like foliage, will be an admirable tree for large works of 
this kind, if it continues to prove hardy. 
The pines are mostly disposed to drop their lower limbs as 
they increase in height, and this peculiarity may be availed of 
in producing other forms of growth. If, for instance, it is desired 
to make an evergreen umbrage in which to take tea out of doors 
in summer, it may be provided by planting four white pines, say 
twelve feet apart each way ; and when they are from eight to ten 
