DECIDUOUS TREES. 
311 
The Yellow Chestnut Oak. Q. p. accuminata . — This variety 
differs little from the Q. prmus. The leaves are more pointed, 
and their petioles are longer. This is not the yellow oak of western 
woodsmen, which is a variety of the red oak, Q. rubra. 
The Dwarf Chestnut Oak or Chinquapin. Q. primis 
pumila . — “A low tree twenty to thirty feet high. Highly orna- 
mental when in full bloom, and most prolific in acorns when but 
three or four feet high ” (Loudon). We have not seen it in rich 
open ground. 
The Red Oak Group. 
These are all distinguished by a more upright 
growth of their branches when young than the white 
oaks , resembling in this quality the chestnut oaks. 
The branches generally form an acute angle with the 
main stem, and grow most from their points, so that 
they are straighter and longer in one direction than 
those of the white oak group, and consequently form 
trees more open and straggling. The bark is quite 
smooth and lighter colored till the tree attains con- 
siderable size, and even on full grown trees is never 
deeply furrowed. Their growth is more rapid than 
any of the white oak group, and about the same 
as that of the chestnut oaks. The above cut gives 
the characteristic form of young trees, and the usual form of the 
leaf. 
The Red Oak. Quercus rubra . — A large rapid-growing tree 
common in all parts of the northern States and Canada. Its early 
growth is upright but rather straggling. The bark is smooth until 
the tree is about twenty years old, when it becomes somewhat 
furrowed, but not deeply, like that of the black oak. The branches 
are not numerous, but straight and smooth, set at an angle of about 
45° with the stem ; the foliage tending to their extremities. In 
color the foliage varies considerably. On the coast of Maine we 
Fig* 98. 
