DECIDUOUS TREES. 
351 
The European Walnut or Madeira Nut, Juglans regia, is 
a tree somewhat resembling our butternut in its general appear- 
ance, but it is loftier and larger, and has fewer leaflets to the leaf — 
generally three or four pairs and an odd one. It comes into leaf 
rather late, and drops its leaves early. Though greatly valued in 
England and the Continent for its beauty as well as for its nuts, its 
want of hardiness in the Northern States, and lack of any peculiar 
beauty at the South, has prevented its culture to any great extent 
in this country. South of Philadelphia it may be grown with 
safety. Like the black walnut, its shade is injurious to vegetation. 
The Black Walnut. Jiiglans 7iigra . — A tree of great size, 
held in high estimation of late years for the dark color and the 
value of its wood for cabinet purposes. In western forests its aver- 
age height at maturity is about seventy feet, but specimens are not 
unfrequent one hundred feet high, with trunks from four to five feet 
in diameter. Its bark is very dark and deeply furrowed. In open 
ground it becomes not only a tree of majestic size but of marked 
beauty, from the light color and softly blended masses of its long 
pinnate leaves, each leaf having from thirteen to seventeen leaflets. 
The tree spreads grandly with age, and for park purposes would be 
worthy of an extended description ; but as there is something in 
the emanations from its leaves and roots injurious to trees near it, 
and to grass under it, this fault, and its great size, unfit it for use 
in suburban grounds, and make further description needless. 
The Butternut, yuglans cinerea~H\i\^ is a much lower 
species than the preceding, with lighter colored wood, grayish bark, 
and an oblate form like that of the apple tree. With or without its 
leaves, the tree has a cleanly domestic expression. In the color 
"and form of its leaves it resembles the ailantus more than any 
other native tree, but its outline is more formal, and the foliage is 
thrown out with less picturesqueness than that of the ailantus. 
Full-grown trees in open ground rarely exceed fifty feet in height 
and sixty feet diameter of head. Its odor is less powerful and its 
presence less injurious to vegetation than that of the black walnut. 
