422 DECIDUOUS TREES. 
soms in the neighborhood of staminate trees. But the beauty of 
the tree itself is sufficient, though it have neither flowers nor fruit. 
The short strong thorns which make a part of its value as a hedge 
plant, are not liable to drop off like those of the honey locust, 
until they are blunted by age, and then, from their small size, drop 
into the lawn where they are harmless. 
It is recommended, when the tree is young, to cut back its 
leading shoots one-third or one-half for several years, to prevent 
the head from sprawling to one side or the other before the roots 
and trunk have sufficient strength to maintain a vertical position. 
In a deep, good soil, the Osage orange will become a spreading 
tree about twenty-five feet high, and thirty feet broad, in ten years 
after planting. 
Nurserymen dislike to grow the Osage orange except for hedge 
plants, because, after the plants have made one year’s growth, their 
vigor is so rampant that they become unmanageable in nursery 
rows. Purchasers must therefore buy hedge-plants to set out for 
trees ; and their growth will be all the better for the necessity of 
choosing small plants. 
The Japan Osage Orange. Madura triciispidata. — A new 
orange of the Madura family has recently been introduced from 
France, which is described as a shrubby bush, very branchy and 
thorny, with shining, leathery, three-lobed leaves. 
THE KOLREUTERIA. Kolreuteria paiiiculata. 
This is a hardy tree, native of the north of China, introduced 
into England in 1763, long cultivated in the United States, and 
yet but little known. It forms a low, umbelliferous head. The 
leaves are pinnate, composed of from five to eleven leaflets of small 
size and oak-like shape. The foliage grows mostly on the outer 
ends of the branches, so that the tree when full grown is quite bare 
of leaves on the inside, but a thick mass of feather}'" and very warm- 
toned foliage on the crown. The flowers are yellow, very showy 
being borne in long terminal panicles in July. The leaves turn to 
