434 
DECIDUOUS TREES. 
trees to lose their brightness under high culture and rapid growth, 
and it is therefore necessary to guard against this tendency by hor- 
ticultural discrimination. 
The Male Dogwood or Cornelian Cherry. Cornus ?nas . — 
This tree, though a native of Europe, closely resembles the Cornus 
florida^ except in its flowers and fruit, and that it forms a still 
smaller tree. The flowers are insignificant, and appear in March 
or April. The beautiful cornelian-colored fruit, the size of a small 
acorn, is one of the attractions of the tree. This is ripe from Sep- 
tember to November, and hangs long on the branches. The tree 
is long-lived and improves with age. 
The White-fruited or Red-twigged Dogwood, C. alba, of 
Loudon, C. stolonifera of Michaux and Central Park. Accustomed 
from childhood to see this dogwood in the copses of wet alluvial 
soils, and to associate its brilliant-colored sprouts principally with 
the whips used in school chastisements, it has surprised us to see 
how beautiful a shrub it makes in rich open ground. There are 
few more pleasing shrubs in the Central Park, where it forms 
broadly-spreading bushes from six to ten feet high. The leaves are 
of a glossy green, thin, four to six inches long, and superior in 
brightness of tone to any of the dog^voods. They turn to yellow 
and red in autumn. The flowers are white, small, in large clusters, 
and appear from May to July. The fruit is white, and ripe in Sep- 
tember. The young wood is of a brilliant light red, with a slight 
bloom upon it. This feature makes it a pretty winter shrub, where 
its wood can be seen against the snow. This is the shrub often 
sold at the nurseries as Cor7tus sanguinea — a very appropriate title, 
but one which had been given by botanists to a longer known Eu- 
ropean variety, on account of the deep red of its decaying leaves. 
The Silky Dogwood, Cornus sericea of Loudon, C. lanuginoso 
of Michaux. A spreading shrub of large size, resembling the Cor- 
nus florida in its foliage, but less tree-like in form. Flowers white, 
in June and July. Fruit bright blue, ripe in October. Leaves in 
autumn a rusty brown, sometimes crimson ; petioles a bright pink. 
