EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS. 527 
color ; by which feature alone this species can be distinguished at 
a considerable distance in the fall and spring. The annual growth 
in strong soils is about three feet a year. 
Josiah Hoopes, in his valuable Book of Evergreens, observes 
that “where the soil is retentive of moisture, and consequently be- 
comes sour and soddened, he has seen this species succeeding 
moderately well, while the white pine, planted in the same situa- 
tion, died outright.” This remark gives the key to the use of the 
two species — the white pine being the most beautiful of hardy pines 
in sandy or well-drained loams, and the Austrian pine equally su- 
perior in compactor soils. Both should be fully exposed on all 
sides to the sun to develop their best beauty. 
There is much difference among seedling Austrian pines in 
their mode of growth, some being much longer jointed and more 
rigid than others. A nurseryman skilled in observing such things 
can often select trees that will display most of the beauties and 
none of the conspicuous coarse growth of the usual form. In Ell- 
wanger & Barry’s specimen ground at Rochester, is a seedling of 
theirs, of such spreading habit and short growth at the top that, but 
for the brightness of its color, it might easily be mistaken by its 
form for a large dwarf mountain pine, though the masses of its long 
leaves are finer than the latter ever forms. The variety is worth 
propagating from, and we suggest that, as the species is a German 
tree, the variety take the name of the Ellwanger Austrian pine. 
It is a much better form for ordinary home-grounds than the usual 
type ; but the latter, by heading back its long shoots when too 
gross, will present a similar appearance. 
There is a variegated-leaved variety not yet, we believe, grown 
in this country. 
The Scotch Pine. Finns sylvestris. — The Scotch pine is indi- 
genous throughout middle and northern Europe, and takes the 
same rank among pine trees in Great Britain as the oak among 
deciduous trees. It is the most useful for timber, and adapts itself 
to a greater variety of park uses than any other. Its spreading 
habit, sometimes so free in outline, and well broken by shadows as 
to rank among grand trees, and in other localities developing into 
