EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS. 557 
and terminating in two sharp points. The general expression of a 
tree of six or eight feet in height is rather rigid and uninteresting. 
The Pinsapo Fir. pinsapo. — A native of the mountains 
of Spain, regarded as hardy by Sargent at Fishkill on the Hudson, 
and as of doubtful hardiness, according to Hoopes, in the neighbor- 
hood of Philadelphia. The leaves are about the length of those of 
the Norway spruce, borne all around the twigs, sharp-pointed, and 
rather dark colored. Branches and branchlets very numerous, the 
former in whorls. Probably of no peculiar value as an ornamental 
tree. 
There is a variegated variety with some of the young shoots and 
leaves of a pale yellow color. 
The Upright Indian Silver Fir. Picea pindrow. 
Webb’s Purple-coned Silver Fir. P. Webbiana. 
These are similar trees, both from the Himalayas, where they 
attain great size and beauty ; but, so far, they have proved unsuited 
to our climate. Some cultivators believe that hardy specimens will 
yet be found from which to propagate, as in the case of Ellwanger 
& Barry’s Himalayan spruce. When we can know something good 
of them by their growth on our own soil, there will be time to 
describe them. 
THE CEDARS AND JUNIPERS. Cedrus and ywiiperiis. 
Under this common head we shall describe the two botanical 
families, Cedrus and yimiperus ; many of the junipers being popu- 
larly known as cedars. The true cedars are natives of Asia, and 
include the renowned Cedar of Lebanon, and its more valuable 
brother, the Deodar cedar. Of the junipers there are species on 
both continents ; — the native red cedar being the best known Amer- 
ican representative of the family. 
The Red Cedar, yimiperus virginiana^ is noted above all 
American trees for the durability of its heart wood, which is re- 
