j^Ciisos 3o 
to 38 & H, 
G, & G^.] 
[Cases 
& 36.] 
GG CENTRAL HALL AND GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. 
appearance shown in fig. 38 ; in the Indian species, hotvever, the 
laminae have flattened parallel sides, so that the crown-surface 
presents numerous transverse parallel bands of enamel, as in 
flg. 39. The Indian Elephant (Elepkas maximus) ranges from 
India and Ceylon, through Burma and Malacca, to Sumatra. 
Of the Indian race an adult and a newly-born specimen are 
shown in the Fossil Mammal Gallery ; while in the Central 
Hall is exhibited a young individual of the Malay race {E. m. 
hirsutus). 
The African Elephant [Eleplias africanus) is of larger size than 
the Indian, and has enormous ears, a hollow back, only 3 nails 
on each of the hind-feet, and the trunk ending in two equal-sized 
li]LS. The female has well-developed tusks, though not so large as 
those of the male. This species formerly inhabited the whole 
of Africa south of the Sahara, but is now driven back towards 
the centre of the continent. A mounted specimen from 
Rhodesia is exhibited in the Central Hall, and two heads of 
other races are shown on the wall by the Darwin statue. 
Suborder Perissodactyla. 
The Perissodactyla, or Odd-toed Ungulates, are represented at 
the present day by Rhinoceroses, Tapirs, and the Horse family, 
which have many common characters in their teeth and limb- 
bones. All are charactei-ized by the middle line of the foot passing 
down the middle of the third toe, which is the largest, the other 
toes being ranged in a receding series on each side of it (figs. 40 
and 41). Generally only one or three toes are present ; but 
the Tapirs possess a fourth outer toe on their fore-feet, the third 
toe, however, still forming the central and main axis of the 
foot. The Perissodactyla are further marked by having their 
premolar and molar teeth in one unbroken series, the posterior 
premolars much resembling the true molars in shape and size. 
The dorsal and lumbar vertebrm together number at least 
twenty-two ; and, as in all other Ungulates, clavicles ar(; 
absent. 
The Tapirs, Tapirulce ( 991 - 993 ), present almost the same 
osteological characters as their ancestors which are found fossil: 
