BATS. 
25 
fore-finger, which in some genera also possesses a claw. Collar- 
bones or clavicles {d) are well developed in all the species. 
The hind-limbs, which, as already stated, are thin and feeble, 
differ from those of other Mammals in that they are twisted 
backwards, so that the knee, like the elbow, is directed back- 
wards. In those species which are provided with a flying- 
membrane between the hind-legs, this is supported by a long- 
process, or spur, attached to the heel. 
The Chiroptera are divided into two suborders — the Fruit- 
eating and Insect-eating Bats. The members of the first group, 
all of which are confined to the Old World, are, as a rule, of 
large size, with flattened back-teeth, suited for munching fruit, 
and with claws both on the first and second fingers ; while the 
latter are of smaller size, with sharp-pointed back-teeth, suitable 
for crushing insects, and with claws on the thumbs only. 
Of the Fruit-eating Bats (Megachiroptera, with the one 
family Pteropodidce), exhibited in wall-case 14, the most worthy 
of mention are the large brightly-coloured Fox-Bats, commonly 
called Flying-Foxes, of which certain species, for example the 
Philippine Fruit-Bat, Pteropus juhatus ( 301 ), reach to between 
4 and 5 feet in spread of wing. One member of this group, 
Pteropus medius ( 297 ), is extremely common all over India, 
where it inflicts enormous damage on fruit-gardens, to pillage 
which these Bats will often make nightly raids of from ten to 
twenty miles, returning each morning to their accustomed 
sleeping-places. In striking contrast to these is the small 
Rousettus amplexicaiidatus ( 308 ). Another noticeable group 
contains the Tube-nosed Bats, Cephalotes ( 312 , 313 ), in which 
the nostrils are elongated into peculiar tubes, the special use of 
this still remaining a mystery ; they range from Celebes to 
Australasia. Fruit-Bats are spread over all the tropical parts of 
the Old World, Pteropus being unrepresented in Africa, where 
its place is taken by the Epauletted Fruit-Bats, Epomopliorus 
( 314 - 316 ), and the Hammer-headed Bat, Hypsignatlms mon- 
strosus ( 317 ), of West Africa. 
The Insect-eating Bats, or Microchiroptera, exhibited in 
cases 13 A, B, C, are much more numerous, being distributed 
over the whole world, and extending even to remote islands in 
[Case 14.] 
[Cases 13 
A, B, C.] 
