18 
UP]’ER MAMMAL GALLERY. 
perhaps representing a distinct family, are also exhibited in 
case I. Their remarkable variability in colour, as exemplified 
by the groups of H. inleatiis ( 9 ) and the Siaman, II. syn- 
(10), should be specially noticed. The Orang-utan and 
Gibbons are found in Sumatra and Borneo, the latter extending 
also northwards to Burma, Assam, and the Island of Hainan. 
[Cases The Cercopitliecidce^ comprising the rest of the Old-World 
IT &IIf.] AJonkeys, are of very various sizes and proportions, some having- 
no tails at all, while others have enormously long ones, which, 
liowever, are never prehensile. They are distinguished from the 
Simiidcu by the quadrupedal position of the body, and the conse- 
quent modification of their skeleton, especially the shortening of 
their fore-limbs, which are always exceeded in length by the 
hind pair ; by their lower central incisors being larger than the 
outer ones, the converse holding in Man and the Man-like 
Apes ; by their more numerous back-vertehrm ; and by many 
other less definite characters, whicli remove them from ]Man in 
the direction of the lower Mammals. 
All Old-World Monkeys, like Man, have an osteological 
character in common, viz. the ])resence of a long l)ony tube 
leading from the outer to the inner ear, which is entirely 
absent in the New-World Monkeys. Their dental formula is 
invariably I. §, 0. P. f, M. x 2-- 32. 
In this familv are included the Langurs, Seinnopithecus 
(Nos. 11 - 22 ), which are monkeys of large or medium size, with 
long tails, small posterior callosities, and generally rather short 
crisp fur, nearly uniform in colour, natives of India, (diina, and 
the East-Indian Archipelago. A more striking species, both in 
form and colour, is the Proboscis Monkey, Nasalis larcatus, of 
Borneo (fig. II, A), so called on account of the remarkable length 
of nose of the male, of which examples are placed in case II 
( 23 ). Near by is the Orange Snub-nosed Monkey, Rkino- 
■pifliecus roxellaiice ( 24 ), fig. 11, B, noticeable alike for its 
brilliant coloration and small upturned nose; it inhabits "Western 
[Cases Ghina. The Guerezas, Colohus (Nos. 25 to 34 ), are closely 
II A II I. J the Langurs, but are natives of Africa ; some are 
dull rufous or grey, and others finely marked with sharply con- 
trasting black and white, with long tufted tails, notably the true 
